ignore soic

According to Henry Thomas Buckle.what is the relationship between society and crime?

Society prepares the crime.and the criminal commits it.

The UNHCR estimates there are approximately _____ stateless people worldwide.

10 million

What is the primary stipulation of the Dublin Regulation regarding refugees?

Refugees must choose and apply for asylum in only one nation.

Why is 'vetting' refugees often considered a difficult task for states?

There is often no documentation available for refugees being prosecuted by their own governments.

What did Max Weber refer to as the 'nightmare of bureaucracy'?

Red tape.

How does social constructionism view the concepts of crime and deviance?

They are social constructions subject to interpretation.

Historically.how have most criminologists defined 'crime'?

Behavior in violation of the law.

On what theory is the modern understanding of law.which suggests laws are established due to social harm.based?

Classical theory.

The concept of _____ is described as being highly interpretive and subject to variation when defining crime.

social harm

How do definitions of homosexuality in Canada and Iran illustrate that deviance varies across space?

Canada recognized same-sex marital rights in 2005.while Iran may execute those convicted of homosexual acts.

What can be concluded from the dramatic changes in Canada's criminal laws since the 1960s regarding same-sex rights?

Definitions of crime change significantly in the same space over time.

How do Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) define crime?

The use of force and fraud.

Downes and Rock (2003) define controlled behavior as that which is likely to attract _____ or _____.

punishment; disapproval

According to Howard Becker (1963).deviance is not a quality of behavior but a _____ successfully attached to another.

label

How does Stephen Pfohl (1996) identify when a social norm has been broken?

There is a visible reaction to the behavior in question.

In the context of labeling.what does the 'Teflon pan' analogy represent?

Individuals (like certain politicians) to whom labels do not seem to 'stick' effectively.

According to the source material.why is it easier for some people to 'shake' a deviant label than others?

The ability to discard a label is often dependent on how powerful the individual is.

Which US President is cited as an example of complex labeling for turning 1 million illegal immigrants into citizens?

Ronald Reagan.

In sociology.what is the definition of 'Conformity'?

Adherence to social norms.

What distinguishes 'Non-conformity' from 'Deviance'?

Non-conformity is a normative violation without reaction.while deviance involves a controlling mechanism.

How is 'Crime' distinct from 'Deviance' in sociological categorization?

Crime specifically involves the violation of codified law.

What is the Positivist pillar of 'Absolutism'?

The belief that deviance is intrinsically real.

What is the Constructionist pillar of 'Relativism'?

The belief that deviance is merely a label.

In the Positivist perspective.what does 'Objectivism' imply about deviance?

Deviance is an observable phenomenon.

How does the Constructionist view of 'Subjectivism' define deviance?

As a personal experience.

.

The Positivist pillar that seeks a causal explanation for deviance is called _____.

Determinism

.

The Constructionist pillar emphasizing free will in deviant acts is called _____.

Voluntarism

.

Why did Muhammad Ali become a prominent example of social reaction to deviance in the 1960s?

He was barred from boxing for refusing the Vietnam War draft based on his beliefs.

.

How does the cost of corporate crime compare to average street crimes?

Corporate crime is far more expensive and damaging to society.

.

What sociological reason is given for having a separate criminal justice system for youth?

To manage the way young people are labeled by society.

.

What is the concept of 'Synopticism' as proposed by Blackshaw and Crabbe?

A state where the many watch the few.causing deviance to 'wash out' or be defined by celebrities.

.

Provide one example of 'vicarious experience' as a reason to study crime.

The excitement or interest found in observing deviant behavior from a distance.

.

Why might a common ice hockey fight be categorized as 'non-conformist' rather than 'criminal' in a specific context?

Because the behavior is often expected and tolerated within the specific subculture of the sport.

.

Under what condition can a 'closeted homosexual' be considered deviant according to Pfohl's definition?

If the behavior would elicit a controlling reaction from others if they were aware of it.

.

What term describes the phenomenon where the masses look toward a few individuals.such as celebrities.for behavioral cues?

Synopticism.

.

How does the 'Safe Third Country' stipulation affect refugee movement?

It requires refugees to claim asylum in the first safe country they reach.

.

Why is deviance considered a difficult concept to define strictly by harm or morality?

Not all deviance is considered immoral.harmful to others.or costly to society.

.

Which sociological perspective focuses on 'science' and 'causal change analysis'?

Positivism.

.

According to the source.how does 'contextual space' affect the definition of crime regarding slavery in the USA?

Owning a slave was legal in 1865 but is now a crime.showing that time and context define legality.

.

What did the Iranian President claim about homosexuals at Brown University?

He claimed that the phenomenon of homosexuals does not exist in Iran.

.

In the 'Sociogories' game.why might speeding be considered 'non-conformist' rather than 'deviant' for many people?

It is a normative violation that often occurs without a significant social reaction or controlling mechanism.

.

What is 'red tape' often a symptom of in a Weberian bureaucracy?

The distrust that those in authority have toward individuals trying to follow rules.

.

How do definitions of deviance differ for women.immigrants.and the LGBTQ+ community according to the source notes?

These groups often experience high levels of 'deviantizing' or unfair labeling by society.

.

What is the purpose of the 'DSM' (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in the study of deviance?

It provides evolving definitions of mental disorders that society may categorize as deviant.

.

True or False: All crimes are deviant.

False.

.

Why does excluding certain behaviors from the study of deviance cause problems?

It hinders the generation of accurate and comprehensive theories about crime and deviance.

.

What does Downes and Rock believe sociologists should do with the 'confusion and diversity' of deviance definitions?

They should embrace it rather than perceiving it as a failure.

.

In the context of synopticism.what happened when President Trump suggested bleach could kill COVID-19?

Some people followed the cue of the 'few' and injected bleach.leading to harm or death.

.

The phrase 'society is all about creating rules where we forget rules are made' refers to the nature of _____.

social construction

.

What does the source suggest about the size of some refugee camps?

They can become so large that they function as cities.

.

What specific example of bureaucracy is used to illustrate frustration for international students?

Issues surrounding international student dental coverage.

According to the annotations.what is the government's hidden knowledge regarding 'illegal immigrants'?

They perform jobs that regular citizens generally do not want to do.

Why is 'free will' associated with the Constructionist view of deviance?

It aligns with the pillar of voluntarism.where deviance is a conscious choice/experience.

What is the result of the 'deviantizing' of women who protestAccording to the source notes?

It assumes they are merely 'bored' rather than engaging in legitimate political agency.