PSGY3014: Mental health and well-being in schools and role of the EP

What is at one end of the mental health continuum?

Normal human emotional experience

What is at the other end of the mental health continuum?

Extreme psychological distress and mental ill-health

Is the threshold between mental health and mental ill-health clearly defined?

No, it is not clearly defined

Can behaviors be considered normal in one culture but abnormal in another?

Yes, behaviors can vary by context and culture

How do you determine someone's mental health

There is no precise threshold or a clearly defined way

What is well-being understood as?

The quality of people's lives.

What enhances well-being?

When people can fulfill their personal and social goals.

What are objective measures of well-being?

Household income, educational resources, and health status.

What are subjective indicators of well-being?

Happiness, perceptions of quality of life, and life satisfaction.

What dimensions does childhood well-being include?

Physical, emotional, and social well-being.

What does childhood well-being focus on?

The immediate lives of children and their future lives.

What types of measures does childhood well-being incorporate?

Some subjective as well as objective measures.

what is a mental health problem

Social, emotional and mental health difficulties

what are signs of mental health problem

becoming withdrawn or isolated, as well as displaying challenging, disruptive or disturbing behaviour

What is the general sentiment of children and young people in the UK about their lives?

Most children and young people in the UK are positive about their lives.

What percentage of young people aged 16 to 24 in the UK reported high or very high life satisfaction in 2013-14?

Around 8 out of 10 young people.

What proportion of young people aged 16 to 24 in the UK reported symptoms of anxiety or depression in 2011-12?

Around 1 in 5 young people.

What did the Tellus4 survey (2009) reveal about children's emotional health and wellbeing in the UK?

There was a clear decline in measures of emotional health and wellbeing.

What factor contributed to the decline in children's emotional health according to the Tellus4 survey?

A fall in the number of children who felt they could talk to an adult other than their parent if they were worried.

What was observed regarding participation in positive activities according to the Tellus4 survey?

There was a slight drop in the measure for participation in positive activities.

Where did the UK rank in the Index of Child Wellbeing in Europe?

21st out of 28 countries for subjective wellbeing.

What are social, emotional, and mental health difficulties?

They are challenges that can manifest in various ways, including withdrawal, isolation, or disruptive behavior.

What underlying mental health difficulties may children and young people experience?

Anxiety, depression, self-harming, substance misuse, eating disorders, or medically unexplained physical symptoms.

What disorders may affect children and young people?

Attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or attachment disorder.

What should schools and colleges have to support children and young people with mental health problems?

Clear processes to manage disruptive behavior and support affected students.

What is the current term used for social, emotional, and mental health difficulties?

SEMH - Social, Emotional and Mental Health Difficulties or Needs.

What is the prevalence of mental health problems in children and young people

slight increase in overall rates of mental disorder; disorders increase with age especially emotional disorders

What are the key factors that indicate mental health is a problem?

Severity, Complexity, Persistence, Impact on development, learning, and life

What are risk factors in mental health?

Factors that increase the likelihood of mental health problems

What are protective factors in mental health?

Factors that decrease the likelihood of mental health problems

How do societal and cultural values influence mental health?

They shape perceptions and responses to mental health issues

What is the title of the handbook published by the Department of Health in 1995 related to mental health?

A Handbook on CAMHS

What framework is used to consider risk and resilience?

Framework to consider risk & resilience

Who adapted the framework for assessing mental health problems in children and young people?

Daniels et al, 1999

What dimension includes personal traits in the risk and resilience framework?

Personal dimension

What are the two key components of the personal dimension in the risk and resilience framework?

Adversity and Resilience

What dimension includes life events in the risk and resilience framework?

Experimental dimension

What are the two key components of the experimental dimension in the risk and resilience framework?

Protective and Vulnerability

What percentage of children aged 5-10 in the UK were found to have a mental health disorder according to ONS/NHS Digital (2018)?

8.1%

What percentage of young people aged 11-15 years in the UK were found to have a mental health disorder according to Meltzer et al (1999)?

11%

What was the finding of the repeated survey in 2004 regarding the prevalence rates of mental health disorders in children?

Very similar prevalence rates as previous surveys.

According to NHS (2017), how do mental disorders change with age in children and young people?

Mental disorders increase with age, especially emotional disorders.

What are some key questions regarding the prevalence and causation of mental health problems in children and young people?

How prevalent are mental health problems? Are they increasing or decreasing? What factors contribute to these changes?

What percentage of mental illnesses begin before age 14?

50%

What percentage of adolescents may experience a mental health problem in any given year?

10-20%

What trend has been observed in emotional problems in girls?

Increasing emotional problems

What trend has been observed in behavioral difficulties among girls?

Plateau for behavior difficulties

What factors contribute to children and young people's mental health and well-being in schools?

Various factors including school environment, teacher support, peer relationships, and access to resources.

How are mental health and well-being factors assessed in schools?

Through surveys, observations, and assessments by mental health professionals.

What methods are used to support mental health and well-being in schools?

Interventions such as counseling, mental health education, and support programs.

What role does the school environment play in children's wellbeing?

The school environment plays an important role in children's social, emotional, and behavioural wellbeing.

How does primary school learning affect later wellbeing in secondary school?

Children's learning and enjoyment in primary school predict their later wellbeing in secondary school.

What aspect of wellbeing is most influenced by primary school learning for boys?

For boys, learning in primary school is the strongest influence on behavioural aspects of their later wellbeing.

What aspect of wellbeing is most influenced by primary school learning for girls?

For girls, primary school learning is more predictive of social wellbeing.

Who conducted research on learning and children's wellbeing?

Gutman and Feinstein (2008); Gutman et al. (2010).

What organization surveyed happiness in 10-12-year-old children in 2015?

Children Society

Which country had children that were more unhappy with their school experience than children in 11 other countries?

England

Which countries had children that were less happy with their school experience than children in England?

Germany, South Korea, and Estonia

What percentage of 10 and 12 year olds in England reported being physically bullied in the last month?

38%

What percentage of 10 and 12 year olds in England felt excluded?

50%

How many children in every classroom were said to be dissatisfied with aspects of their school life?

Two children

What were the main concerns of dissatisfied children regarding their school life?

Their relationship with teachers, the things they learn, and other children

What are factors that contribute to Mental Health?

Societal, Cultural, Environmental, Educational

Psychological, Biological, Social

What is the Support?

Support refers to the assistance provided to individuals, particularly in the context of mental health and well-being.

How is children and young people's mental health and well-being promoted in schools?

Children and young people's mental health and well-being can be promoted in schools through programs, activities, and supportive environments.

What role can schools play in the prevention of mental health issues in children and young people?

Schools can play a role in prevention by implementing mental health education and creating awareness among students.

How can schools identify mental health issues in children and young people?

Schools can identify mental health issues through observation, screening tools, and communication with students and parents.

What is the role of Educational Psychologists (EPs) in supporting mental health in schools?

Educational Psychologists (EPs) provide assessment, intervention, and support strategies for mental health issues in schools.

What percentage of children aged 5-15 with a mental health problem had not accessed a service 20 months later?

46%

In a study, what percentage of children who accessed support consulted teachers?

43.6%

What percentage of children who accessed support consulted CAMHS workers?

22.1%

What percentage of children who accessed support consulted social services?

11.6%

What is a key barrier to accessing support in mental health services?

The difference in the professional cultures of health, education, and social care.

What is the focus of Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH)?

CAMH is 'Everybody's Business'.

What is Tier 1 in the CAMH framework?

Frontline Staff.

What is Tier 2 in the CAMH framework?

Network of Professionals - EP's (short term low level intervention).

What is Tier 3 in the CAMH framework?

Specialist Outpatient CAMH Team.

What is Tier 4 in the CAMH framework?

Inpatient CAMH provision.

What document argues for developing a system without Tiers in CAMH?

Future in Mind, DoH, 2015.

What is a proposed feature of the new CAMH system?

A single point of access or hub.

What does triaged access to CAMH services mean?

Direct access to a service appropriate to your mental health need.

Who contributes to Tier 2 in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS)?

Single agency professionals who work with other professionals in a network.

What is the role of EPs in promoting mental health?

EPs work to promote positive mental health and prevent short-term mental health needs.

Who do EPs support in meeting the mental health needs of children and young people?

EPs support frontline professionals such as teachers, GPs, social workers, and health visitors.

When should EPs consult with specialist CAMHS?

EPs should consult, involve, and seek supervision from specialist CAMHS as needed.

What is the role of a child psychologist?

A child psychologist specializes in the mental health of young people and provides help and support to those experiencing difficulties.

What does a CAMHS team include?

A CAMHS team includes a child psychologist.

Can schools access educational psychologists?

Yes, schools may use the services of a local authority educational psychologist or commission one directly, depending on local arrangements.

What is the focus of the Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce (DOH, 2014)?

Promoting resilience, prevention and early intervention.

What does the Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce (DOH, 2014) aim to improve?

Access to effective support - a system without tiers.

Who does the Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce (DOH, 2014) prioritize in their care?

The most vulnerable.

What principles does the Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce (DOH, 2014) emphasize?

Accountability and transparency.

What does the Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce (DOH, 2014) focus on developing?

The workforce.

What is one of the three pillars of the UK Government's Mental Health strategy?

To incentivise and support all schools and colleges to identify and train a Designated Senior Lead for Mental Health.

What is another pillar of the UK Government's Mental Health strategy?

To fund new Mental Health Support Teams, which will be supervised by NHS children and young people's mental health staff.

What is the third pillar of the UK Government's Mental Health strategy?

To pilot a four-week waiting time for access to specialist NHS children and young people's mental health services.

What was a strong message from respondents regarding Mental Health Support Teams?

The teams should work with a wide range of professionals and services.

Which professional was most frequently linked to Mental Health Support Teams by respondents?

Educational psychologists (19% of respondents).

What percentage of respondents linked school-based counsellors to Mental Health Support Teams?

18% of respondents.

What percentage of respondents linked local authority services to Mental Health Support Teams?

17% of respondents.