Pearson PNS

Detection of taste sensation from the pharynx as well as aids in speaking and swallowing

vagus nerve (X)

Responsible for facial sensations and motor functions such as chewing and swallowing

trigeminal nerve (V)

Assists with the maintenance of balance and equilibrium and is responsible for hearing

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, facilitating the movement of the head and shoulders

Accessory nerve (XI)

Directs the movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eye

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Controls facial expressions and functions in taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Facial nerve (VII)

Involved in the taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue and contributes to swallowing and salivation

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Responsible for the sense of smell

Olfactory nerve (I)

Controls most of the eye's movements, including constriction of the pupil and opens the eyelid

Oculomotor nerve (III)

Controls most of the tongue movements.

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which is responsible for outward gaze

Abducens nerve (VI)

Carries visual information from the eye to the brain

Optic nerve (II)

Which cranial nerve is generally thought of as a mixed nerve?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

The ________ innervates the throat, anterior neck, and almost all of the thoracic and abdominal viscera.

vagus nerve (X)

Which is not a primary function of the oculomotor nerve (III)?

dilates the pupil

What nerve(s) do(es) not arise from the brain stem?

olfactory and optic

Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses?

somatic sensory division

Which nerve has the sensory functions of taste in the posterior one-third of the tongue and detecting changes in blood pressure of the carotid artery?

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

What nerve is unique in that it has a spinal origin?

accessory nerve (XI)

Bundles of axons within a nerve are known as ___________.

fasicles

Which cranial nerve originates as two separate nerves that share a common epineurium, but fuse together after they leave the temporal bone?

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Which of the following houses motor neurons?

anterior root of spinal nerve

The ______________ of the peripheral nervous systems consists of lower motor neurons that directly innervate skeletal muscle fibers.

somatic motor division

What connective tissue sheath wraps the axon of a neuron?

Endoneurium

What cranial nerve detects smell?

olfactory nerve (I)

The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the __________.

visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system)

Where are the sensory neurons found in a spinal nerve?

posterior root of spinal nerve

What connects the upper motor neurons to lower motor neurons?

interneuron

What mechanoreceptor is activated by high-frequency vibratory stimuli and deep pressure?

lamellated corpuscles

Which of the following nerves does not originate from the sacral plexus?

obturator nerve

The _________ nerve is the largest nerve from the posterior division, and of the lumbar plexus.

femoral

____________ detect an object's texture, temperature, and color.

exteroceptors

Which of the following cells function as mechanoreceptors?

tactile nerve endings, tactile corpuscles, and lamellated corpuscles

Which component of a somatic sensory neuron transmits an action potential from the peripheral process to the posterior horn?

central process

What receptors would detect a temperature of 52°C?

nociceptors

Which of the following nerves does not originate from the brachial plexus?

phrenic nerve

Influences motor and sensory functions of the neck as well as diaphragmatic breathing through the phrenic nerve

cervical plexus

Supplies motor and sensory functions to the upper limb, shoulder, and part of the thorax

brachial plexus

Includes the obturator and the femoral nerve

lumbar plexus

Provides motor and sensory innervation to the posterior lower limb, pelvis, anus, and external genitalia

sacral plexus

During a boxing match, Sammy was hit on the side of the neck. He stopped breathing temporarily due to damage to the __________.

cervical plexus

A network of nerves is known as a __________.

plexus

_____________ are sensory receptors accociated with pain.

nociceptors

What nerve causes the painful tingling sensation when you hit your "funny bone"?

ulnar nerve

What is the largest and longest nerve of the body?

sciatic nerve

A receptor potential _______________________.

leads to an action potential if the stimulus is strong enough

Sensory transduction occurs in __________.

PNS sensory neurons

The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a sensory neuron will be quickest in __________.

a large-diameter, myelinated axon

What sensors are located in the musculoskeletal system and detect the movement and position of a joint or body part?

proprioceptors

Regions of skin supplied by a spinal nerve for somatic sensation are known as __________.

dermatomes

Visceral pain may be perceived as cutaneous pain, a phenomenon known as __________.

referred pain

Which nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles and the skin over the deltoid?

axillary nerve

Detect chemical stimuli in the environment or bloodstream

chemoreceptors

Detect changes in temperature

Thermoreceptors

Respond to potentially damaging stimuli by sending pain signals

nociceptors

Respond to light

photoreceptors

Sense mechanical pressures or distortions of tissues

mechanoreceptors

What reflex is caused by stimulation of nociceptors?

flexion reflex

Which of the following complements the flexion (withdrawal) reflex?

cross-extension reflex

Which of the following reflexes is not a somatic reflex?

Meissner reflex

What type of sensory receptors are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs?

Mechanoreceptor

Muscle groups that produce fine movements, like the extrinsic eye muscles, have _________ of muscle spindles compared to muscle groups that produce course movements.

a large number

Which of the following must occur first in a reflex arc?

detection by a receptor and delivery of stimulus

The lower motor neurons that innervate contractile skeletal muscle fibers are called __________.

α-motor neurons

What reflex is critical in keeping you upright when you're standing?

patellar reflex

Motor neuron pools consist of __________.

lower motor neurons

______________ detect the degree to which a muscle is stretched.

muscle spindles

______________ detect the degree to which a muscle is stretched.

golgi tendon reflex

The small lower motor neurons that innervate intrafusal muscle fibers that are part of specialized stretch receptors are called __________.

γ-motor neurons

Causes contraction of a muscle in response to its stretching

simple stretch reflex

Causes withdrawal of a limb from a painful stimulus

flexion reflex

Balances the effects of the flexion reflex by extending the opposite limb

crosses-extension reflex