self presentation

what is self presentation (impression management)

Refers to the process by which individuals attempt to control the improession others form of them

what is the difference between public and private self presentation

maintenance of private self occurs entirely at the cognitive level (self audience), while maintenance of the public self is through overt action and intrest is only on the factors that affect self presentation to others

what are the primary self-presentation goals

• to maximise one’s rewards-cost-ratio social andmaterial outcomes

• self-esteem enhancement and maintenance (compliments vs critisim)

• development of identity- creating and maintaing a particular identity

describe leary and kiwalski’s two component model

there are two discreet processes, each of which operates according to different principles and is affected by different antecedents.

• Impression motivation, the desire to create a particular first impression

• Impression construction, the kind of impression management tactics that are used to make the desired impression

how may self-presentation manifest in sport (leary 1992)

motivation to engage in sport, people’s choices of sport, quality of the athletic performance, emotional reaction from engaging in sport

what are the 2 variables grounded in self-presentation theory

self-handicapping and social physique anxiety

what is self handicapping

a proactive attributional strategy that is sometimes used before performance to increase personal responsibility for success and decrease personal responsibility for failure

what are examples of self-handicapping behaviour

• altering the amount or quality of practice, creating or exaggerating physical problems such as illness or injury and focusing on real or imagines character flaws

examples of self-reported handicapping behaviour

claims of being ill or injured, socially anxious, bad mood, victim of a bad event

what occurs to the individual when self-handicaps are present

the individual is able to capitalize on the attributional principles of augmentation and discounting. People then have a reason to justify there performance if something doesn’t work out

briefly explain the work of berglas and jones

a two group trial, contingent success feedback and non-contingent success feedback group. Then were the opportunity to take one of two drugs, activil (enhancing) or pandocrin (inhibiting) before taking the second test

what were the findings of the berglas and jones experiment

as predicted subjects in the non-contingent success group self handicapped (ingested more of the drug to have a reason not to do well) to a greater extent than their contingent success counterparts.

rhodewalt’s theory suggested that

self handicapping tendencies can be assesed with the self-handicapping scale

what did the rhodewalt study focus on

self-handicapping among competitive athletes. Examining if there were individual differences among athletes in the extent to which they self handicap prior to an event that has potential for self-esteem loss (important vs unimportant events,”

what were the results in the rhodewalt study based on coaches rating of practice effort

it didnt matter much for unimportant meets but we see quite a big jump in effort for those in the low self handicapping group compared to the high self handicapping group for important meets (before entering into an important performance situation, low selfhandicappers change their behaviour (i.e., increased practice effort) whereas high selfhandicappers do not)

what did the rhodewalt study find in relation to overall average practice hours

as a lSH moves into an important situation there is a slight increase in overall average practice hours while someone is the HSH there is a decrease in practice

what can we determine from the rhodewalt study

in both studies there were significant differences in the effort put forth when preparing for an athletic event. Specifically, high self handiappers witheld effort and practice before important situations when compared to low self handicappers

define social physique anxiety

the feeling that one’s physique is being negatively evaluated by others

what did the scherwin study focus on

Social Physique Anxiety, Body Esteem and Social Anxiety in Bodybuilders and Self-Reported Anabolic Steroid Users

what were the results of the scherwin study

AS-using bodybuilders had significantly higher upper body strength ratings than other groups (UBS), AS users had lower levels of fear of negative evaluation (FNE), lower SPA and higher levels of body dissatisfaction

AS-using bodybuilders had significantly higher upper body strength ratings than other groups

what was the purpose of the hausse and prapavessis study

To compare Social Physique Anxiety (SPA) levels between self-presentational and non self-presentational athletes

Why use aerobic athletes in physique studies

because their physiques are always on display

what groups are used in the hausse and prapevessis study

aerobic, weight restricted athletes, non-restricted weight athletes, non athletic control

what were the SPA findings in the hausse and prapavessis study

THERE IS NO REAL statistical difference because not one groups is showing specifically higher or lower SPA