L5: ADHD

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35 Terms

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD Meaning

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1902

Year ADHD was first mentioned.

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Sir George Frederic Still

British pediatician described it as “an abnormal defect of moral control (stages in development of morality) in children.”

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1960

Year APA recognized it as a mental disorder

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1968

Year hyperkinetic reaction of childhood was added in the second edition of DSM.

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1980

Year that changed the name of disorder from hyperkinetic reaction of childhood to attention deficit disorder (ADD).

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  1. ADD with hyperactivity

  2. ADD without hyperactivity

2 subtypes of ADD in year 1980 that were distinguished in the DSM-III, reflecting varying levels of hyperactivity.

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1987

Year APA released a revised version and changed the name of ADD to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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2000

Year DSM 4th edition established three subtypes of ADHD

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  1. Inattentive

  2. Hyperactive-Impulsive

  3. Combined

Three subtypes of ADHD in 2000

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ADHD

A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects our attention span.

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TRUE

T or F: ADHD is the most common mental disorder affecting children and some adults.

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8.4%

Percentage of children affected with ADHD

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2.5%

Percentage of adults affected with ADHD

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TRUE

T or F: Boys are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls with 12.9% among boys and 5.6% among girls.

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Frontal Lobe

According to research ADHD is connected to defect in the ____ of the brain which is responsible for control of behavior.

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ADD

Refers to an individual who has trouble focusing and experiences difficulty in attending to and following instructions, but is not hyperactive.

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ADHD

Characterized by an ongoing pattern of severe inattention, being overly active and difficulty controlling impulsive behavior. These patterns may leave children struggling at home, school or with friends

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6 Symptoms

ADHD may be diagnosed if it meets atleast this number of symptoms

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Symptoms of ADHD with Impulsive/Hyperactive

  • Fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat

  • Not able to stay seated

  • Runs about or climbs where it is inappropriate

  • Unable to play or do leisure activities quietly

  • Always “on the go” as if driven by a motor

  • Interrupts or intrudes on others

  • Blurts out an answer before a question has been finished

  • Has difficulty waiting for his or her turn, such as while waiting in line.

  • Talks too much.

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Signs and symptoms of ADHD with Inattentive

  • Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities

  • Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities

  • Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly

  • Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace

  • Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities

  • Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort

  • Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities

  • Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli

  • Is often forgetful in daily activities

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  • Struggle to focus on lessons

  • Daydreams often

  • Makes careless mistakes

Scenarios in the classroom of indiv with ADHD

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  • Interrupts conversations

  • Trouble waiting turns

  • Difficulty with quiet task

Scenarios at home of indiv with ADHD

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  • Easily distracted

  • Disorganized

  • Misses deadlines

Scenarios at work of indiv with ADHD

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  1. Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)

  2. Amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine)

  3. Other stimulants

Stimulants Medication for ADHD with Inattentive

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  1. Clonidine (Kapvay)

  2. Guanfacine (Intuniv)

  3. Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Non-stimulants Medication for ADHD with Inattentive

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  1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

  2. Training in Organizational Skills

  3. Metacognitive Therapy

Treatments for ADHD with Inattentive

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Assists in recognizing and altering unfavorable ideas that obstruct concentration.

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Training in Organizational Skills

Establishes time management, planning, & prioritization techniques.

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Metacognitive Therapy

Enhances one's awareness of one's own attention and aids in the development of focus-maintenance techniques.

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  1. Methylphenidate “Ritalin, Concerta”

  2. Amphetamines “Adderall, Dexedrine”.

Medication for ADHD with Impulsive/Hyperactive

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  • Behavioral therapy

  • Parent Management Training

  • Social abilities Training

Treatments for ADHD with Impulsive/Hyperactive

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Behavioral Therapy

Helps patients learn impulse control, self-discipline, and acceptable social behavior.

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Parent Management Training

Gives parents the tools they need to control their hyperactive children at home.

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Social abilities Training

Lessens impulsivity in social settings and enhances interpersonal abilities.