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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD Meaning
1902
Year ADHD was first mentioned.
Sir George Frederic Still
British pediatician described it as “an abnormal defect of moral control (stages in development of morality) in children.”
1960
Year APA recognized it as a mental disorder
1968
Year hyperkinetic reaction of childhood was added in the second edition of DSM.
1980
Year that changed the name of disorder from hyperkinetic reaction of childhood to attention deficit disorder (ADD).
ADD with hyperactivity
ADD without hyperactivity
2 subtypes of ADD in year 1980 that were distinguished in the DSM-III, reflecting varying levels of hyperactivity.
1987
Year APA released a revised version and changed the name of ADD to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
2000
Year DSM 4th edition established three subtypes of ADHD
Inattentive
Hyperactive-Impulsive
Combined
Three subtypes of ADHD in 2000
ADHD
A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects our attention span.
TRUE
T or F: ADHD is the most common mental disorder affecting children and some adults.
8.4%
Percentage of children affected with ADHD
2.5%
Percentage of adults affected with ADHD
TRUE
T or F: Boys are more than twice as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than girls with 12.9% among boys and 5.6% among girls.
Frontal Lobe
According to research ADHD is connected to defect in the ____ of the brain which is responsible for control of behavior.
ADD
Refers to an individual who has trouble focusing and experiences difficulty in attending to and following instructions, but is not hyperactive.
ADHD
Characterized by an ongoing pattern of severe inattention, being overly active and difficulty controlling impulsive behavior. These patterns may leave children struggling at home, school or with friends
6 Symptoms
ADHD may be diagnosed if it meets atleast this number of symptoms
Symptoms of ADHD with Impulsive/Hyperactive
Fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat
Not able to stay seated
Runs about or climbs where it is inappropriate
Unable to play or do leisure activities quietly
Always “on the go” as if driven by a motor
Interrupts or intrudes on others
Blurts out an answer before a question has been finished
Has difficulty waiting for his or her turn, such as while waiting in line.
Talks too much.
Signs and symptoms of ADHD with Inattentive
Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or during other activities
Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace
Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
Is often forgetful in daily activities
Struggle to focus on lessons
Daydreams often
Makes careless mistakes
Scenarios in the classroom of indiv with ADHD
Interrupts conversations
Trouble waiting turns
Difficulty with quiet task
Scenarios at home of indiv with ADHD
Easily distracted
Disorganized
Misses deadlines
Scenarios at work of indiv with ADHD
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine)
Other stimulants
Stimulants Medication for ADHD with Inattentive
Clonidine (Kapvay)
Guanfacine (Intuniv)
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Non-stimulants Medication for ADHD with Inattentive
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Training in Organizational Skills
Metacognitive Therapy
Treatments for ADHD with Inattentive
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Assists in recognizing and altering unfavorable ideas that obstruct concentration.
Training in Organizational Skills
Establishes time management, planning, & prioritization techniques.
Metacognitive Therapy
Enhances one's awareness of one's own attention and aids in the development of focus-maintenance techniques.
Methylphenidate “Ritalin, Concerta”
Amphetamines “Adderall, Dexedrine”.
Medication for ADHD with Impulsive/Hyperactive
Behavioral therapy
Parent Management Training
Social abilities Training
Treatments for ADHD with Impulsive/Hyperactive
Behavioral Therapy
Helps patients learn impulse control, self-discipline, and acceptable social behavior.
Parent Management Training
Gives parents the tools they need to control their hyperactive children at home.
Social abilities Training
Lessens impulsivity in social settings and enhances interpersonal abilities.