WWI History Test

Long Term Causes of War (Broad Terms)

Nationalism; Alliances; Economic Rivalries; Imperialism; Militarism

Long Term Causes of War (Nationalism)

Austria-Hungary composed of many groups that demanded independence; demands threatened Austria-Hungary with dismemberment

Long Term Causes of War (Alliances)

Europe divided into 2 separate alliance systems; Every dispute involving any 2 of these countries threatened to involve all others

Long Term Causes of War (Economic Rivalries)

German industrialization threatened British economic supremacy

Long Term Causes of War (Imperialism)

Russia desires to expand influence in Balkans, threatened both Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Turkey

Long Term Causes of War (Militarism)

Germany and Britain competed to build largest, most powerful navy

Militarism

Glorification of the military, military planning, and arms races (pushed Europeans towards war)

Nationalism

Pride in one's nation and often belief in its superiority (led to rivalries between European great powers)

New/improved Weapons & Strategies used in the war

Trench warfare, tanks, chemical warfare, naval blockade, submarines, machine guns

What helped contribute to Americans backing the Allies alliance

Cultural ties stemming from countries in the Allies; Americans detested German militarism

2 events that led to US entry into WWI

Sinking of Lusitania (unrestricted submarine warfare); Zimmerman Telegram

Zimmerman Telegram

Germany promised return of territories to Mexico if Mexico allied itself with Germany against US; telegram enraged public

Sussex Pledge

German pledge to not sink any more ocean liners or merchant ships without warning or rescuing survivors

Mobilization

Million-Man American Expeditionary Force

Committee of Public Information

Created pro-war propaganda;

War Industries Board

Coordinated wartime manufacturing

Food Administration

Oversaw production and distribution of food

Fuel Administration

Called for voluntary conservation

War Labor Board

Mediated disputes between owners and workers

Espionage Act (1917)

Allowed government censorship of the mails and imprisonment for those who interfered with the draft

Sedition Act (1918)

Made it a crime to use disloyal language

Shipyards in what areas of the US built ships

Tampa and Jacksonville

Florida in WWI

Submarine base in Key West, flight schools throughout state, military camps training troops, shipyards

The Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up into what countries

Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

Who announced America's War aims; AKA the Fourteen Points

President Wilson

Woodrow Wilson

President; 14 points that reflected his view that the war was a crusade for democracy; Isolationism

The Fourteen Points

Sefl determination for people of Europe; freedom of seas; equal trade terms; reduced amendments; end to secret diplomacy; creation of League of Nations

League of Nations

International organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace

Primary goals of League of Nations

Preventing wars through collective security and disarmament; settling international disputes through negotiation

Who refused to ratify the League of Nations into the Treaty of Versailles

Henry Cabot Lodge

Why did Henry Cabot Lodge reject to including the League of Nations in the Treaty of Versailles

Don't want to be entangled in European affairs; US never joins League of Nations

"War Guilt" clause (treaty)

Accept blame for starting war; pay huge reparations to Allies

Treaty of Versailles conditions

Germany loses France, Poland, all colonies; loses navy; army greatly reduced; forced to sign war guilt clause

Direct Cause of WWI

Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia with backing of Germany)

Schlieffen Plan

Germany invades France quickly before moving on to Russia

Isolationism

National policy of avoiding involvement in national affairs

While at the time of staying out of the war, how did the US have a little involvement

US merchant ships sent food to devastated areas in Europe, helped block supplies from reaching Germany

Why was Charles Schenck arrested

Violated Espionage Act when he mailed leaflets advising young men to resist the draft

Purpose of Anti-Defamation League

Oppose anti-Semitism and religoius prejudice

George Creel

Ran Committee of Public Information; provided propaganda against Germans (+ "4 minute men)

Great Migration

Thousands of African Americans left prejudiced South for cities in Northeast and Midwest

Hispanic Americans experience during WWI

Some received special English language training; Congress extended US citizenship to Puerto Ricans, making them subject to draft; US officials made easier for Mexicans to enter country due to shortage of farm workers

Asian Americans experience during WWI

Asian Americans who serviced in armed forces permitted to become naturalized citizens; Immigration Act barred further Japanese or Chinese immigration

Big 4

4 top Allied powers of WWI and their leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference

American Expeditionary Force

Armed forces that US sent to Europe during WWI

War bonds

Debt instruments sold by the gov to finance military operations (citizens pay for them)

Selective Service Act

Act that required adult males to register for draft

Convoy System

Battleships used for protecting other ships to reduce shipping losses in the Atlantic

369th Infantry Regiment

All African American regiment that was sent to France

Armistice

Ceasefire

Article X (10) of Treaty of Versailles

Stated the League of Nations members would help other League members facing aggression