World History II, Inter-War Years

Kremlin

Citadel and center of administration of the Russian (formerly Soviet) government, located in Moscow.

Long March

The 6,000 mile trek of Chinese Communists.

Mandate

Form of international trusteeship devised by the League of Nations.

Soviet

Workers’ and/or soldiers’ council.

T/F: Vatican City is an independent state.

True

What did President Wilson list as an important objective for the post-war world?

Self-deermination.

What was the main treaty of the Versailles settlement?

The Treaty of Versailles.

Since the League of Nations proved powerless, what would replace it and when?

The United Nations would replace it after WWII.

What four empires crumbled after WWI?

Russian, Austro-Hungarian, German, and Ottoman.

What were Versailles’ ramifications for Germany?

Territory in the East given to Poland, the “Polish corridor.”

Why was the Rhineland (France-Germany border) demilitarized?

As a buffer against further aggression.

T/F: Germany became responsible for reparations, resulting in a “scrap of paper” mentality.

True

What was the Spanish flu pandemic? How many died?

An epidemic over a large area. 25M (maybe 40M) died.

What mandate occured in the Middle East?

The Balfour Declaration, which supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

T/F: Mohandas Gandhi supported British rule.

False

Who led the 1930 Salt March in India?

Mohandas Gandhi.

T/F: Mulan kept the Chinese Communist Party alive by leading its Long March to the north.

False—it was Mao Tse-Tung

What role did the Long March play in the 1930s?

It kept the Chinese Communist Party alive.

T/F: Despite the events of the Great Depression, Latin America thrived.

False—it was devastated

List 3 aspects of Russia.

1) 1/6th of the world’s land surface.

2) An adverse climate

3) A diverse population

Duma

The Russian parliment, but the Czar could easily dismiss it.

T/F: The Bolsheviks (the “majority”) were followers of Vladimir Lenin and were confirmed atheists.

True

To what did the Bolsheviks change their name?

Communists.

Who were Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin?

Close comrades to Vladimir Lenin.

What happened to Czar Nicholas?

He abdicated after widespread discontent in Russia after WWI.

Where did the riots happen because of widespread discontent in Russia?

In Petrograd.

What does “Peace, Land, Bread” refer to?

Vladimir Lenin’s simplification of Bolshevik ideology.

T/F: The German govt. allowed Lenin transport from Switzerland where he was exiled to Petrograd.

True

What did Trotsky convince the Petrograd Soviet to do?

Stage a coup.

Was Vladimir Lenin made head of the government?

Yes, but all power was to be held by the soviets.

T/F: The Red Army was created under Vladimir Lenin’s leadership.

False—it was Trotsky’s leadership

What were the two sides of the Russian Civil War?

“Reds” vs. non-communist “whites.”

What happened to Czar Nicholas and his family?

They were murdered, and Trotsky’s Red Army won.

War Communism

The state limiting private ownership.

Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)

The govt. had control of finance, industry, and transportation, but some private enterprise remained.

What are some terms for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics?

USSR, CCCP, the Soviet Union.

T/F: Joseph Stalin was also known as a “Man of Steel” and was the undisputed leader of the Soviet Union.

True

What would Soviet propaganda do around Joseph Stalin’s time?

Create a “cult of Stalin” that approached deification.

T/F: Joseph Stalin started a series of Kulaks for industrialization.

False—he started a series of Five-Year Plans

Kulaks

Well-to-do peasants.

What was Stalin paranoid about?

Threats from within the Communist Party.

With whom did the Soviets sign a non-aggression pact?

Hitler.

“On margin”

Paying a percentage of the stock’s value up front and financed the rest.

“Black Tuesday”

Panic-selling widespread because of the stock market crash.

What do “bull” and “bearish” mean regarding the stock market?

Bull: upward market

Bearish: downward market

T/F: The lack of industrial diversification and an overexpansion of credit were also causes of the Great Depression.

True

Did manufacturers and merchant reducing prices help in the Great Depression?

No, because consumer spending is the engine of the US economy.

T/F: The banks failed, and 5 thousand banks closed in the first 3 years of the Depression.

True

How were American farmers hurt by the Depression?

Foreclosure and drought.

What happened when Franklin D Roosevelt pledged a “New Deal”?

He won a landslide victory, and the Democrats then controled both houses of Congress.

The New Deal

An umbrella label for a wide range of programs to offer relief and stimulate the economy.

T/F: The New Deal included bold experimentation and heavy federal intervention.

True

Fireside chats

Franklin D. Roosevelt using the radio to communicate to Americans.

“Hundred Days”

Franklin D. Roosevelt summoning Congress into special session.

What did Hitler’s work-creation/rearmament project largely eradicate by 1936?

German unemployment.

What was the effect of the Great Depression on Japan?

It strengthened militarist groups.

T/F: The New Deal introduced reform and did somewhat stabilize the American economy, curing the Depression.

False—it didn’t fully cure the Depression

What ultimately cured the Depression in America?

Heavy defense-related spending connected to WWII.