Chapter 6 AP HUG

1. African Cities Model

Definition: An urban model reflecting colonization in Africa, with cities built next to or on top of old ones. It includes both a traditional CBD and a colonial CBD, with ethnic-based residential zones.

2. Bid-Rent Theory

Definition: Real estate price and demand decrease the farther one gets from the central business district (CBD).

3. Blockbusting

Definition: The practice of scaring homeowners into selling cheaply by suggesting a different ethnic group is moving in.

4. Boomburb

Definition: A rapidly growing suburban city, not the core city, but large and economically significant.

5. Borchert's Model of Urban Growth

Definition: Urban growth patterns are tied to transportation technology, each new system (canals, railroads, cars) shaping city development.

6. Brownfield

Definition: Abandoned industrial sites with potential hazardous contamination.

7. Central Business District (CBD)

Definition: The commercial and transportation heart of a city.

8. Central Place Theory

Definition: Explains settlement distribution in a regular pattern based on services and market areas (Walter Christaller).

9. City

Definition: A place with a concentrated population and infrastructure.

10. Conurbation

Definition: A large continuous urban area formed by merging cities.

11. Concentric Zone Model

Definition: Burgess’ model—cities develop in rings around the CBD, with higher-class housing further from the center.

12. De Facto Segregation

Definition: Racial or ethnic segregation by practice or custom, not by law.

13. Disamenity Zone

Definition: Undesirable areas in cities, often lacking services and controlled by gangs.

14. Ecumene

Definition: Permanently inhabited parts of Earth.

15. Edge City

Definition: A city-like area on the outskirts of a major city, functioning as a commercial or business hub.

16. Eminent Domain

Definition: The government’s power to take private land for public use with compensation.

17. Ethnic Enclave

Definition: A small area with a high concentration of one ethnicity within a more diverse city.

18. Exurbanization

Definition: Movement of people from suburbs to more rural areas.

19. Filtering

Definition: The decline of a house from a single-family home to multifamily rental and eventually abandonment.

20. Food Desert

Definition: Urban area lacking access to fresh, affordable food.

21. Forward Capital

Definition: A capital relocated for political, strategic, or economic reasons.

22. Galactic City Model

Definition: US city model showing decentralization from the CBD to suburban nodes.

23. Gated Community

Definition: Walled residential areas with restricted access.

24. Gentrification

Definition: Wealthy individuals move into and renovate poorer neighborhoods, displacing original residents.

25. Ghettos

Definition: Poor urban areas where minorities are often segregated due to discrimination.

26. Gravity Model

Definition: Interaction between two places depends on their size and distance from each other.

27. Greenbelts

Definition: Areas of undeveloped land around a city meant to limit urban sprawl.

28. Hinterland

Definition: The surrounding area that depends on a central city for goods/services.

29. Infill

Definition: Development on vacant land within a built-up area of a city.

30. Informal Economy

Definition: Economic activities not taxed or monitored by the government.

31. Latin American Cities Model

Definition: Urban model with a CBD and commercial spine, surrounded by decreasing-quality housing.

32. Megacity

Definition: A city with more than 10 million residents.

33. Megalopolis

Definition: A chain of large, connected cities.

34. Metacity

Definition: A city with more than 20 million residents.

35. Metropolitan Area

Definition: A central city and its surrounding suburbs.

36. Mixed-Use Neighborhood

Definition: Areas combining residential, commercial, and sometimes industrial use.

37. Multiple Nuclei Model

Definition: Cities grow from multiple centers (nodes), not just one CBD.

38. New Urbanism

Definition: Planning movement that promotes walkability, mixed-use, and reduced sprawl.

39. Pedestrian Cities

Definition: Cities developed for foot traffic, before widespread car use.

40. Primate City Rule

Definition: The largest city is more than twice the size of the next largest (shows dominance).

41. Range

Definition: The maximum distance people will travel for a service.

42. Rank-Size Rule

Definition: The population of cities is inversely proportional to their rank.

43. Redlining

Definition: Banks denying loans based on location, often racialized areas.

44. Rural

Definition: Sparsely populated, outside influence of large cities.

45. Sector Model

Definition: Hoyt’s model—cities develop in wedges around the CBD, shaped by transport routes.

46. Satellite City

Definition: Smaller city near a large one that has grown independently.

47. Settlement

Definition: A permanent human habitation.

48. Shantytown

Definition: Poor, unplanned urban areas with makeshift housing.

49. Smart Growth

Definition: Urban planning to limit sprawl, preserve open space, and promote sustainability.

50. Southeast Asian Cities Model

Definition: Model centered on a port, includes Western and alien commercial zones.

51. Squatter Settlement

Definition: Settlements where people occupy land illegally.

52. Suburbanization

Definition: People moving from urban centers to suburban areas.

53. Threshold

Definition: Minimum population needed for a service to operate profitably.

54. Urban Canyon

Definition: Tall buildings lining streets, reducing sunlight and intensifying wind.

55. Urban Decay

Definition: The physical and economic decline of an urban area.

56. Urbanization

Definition: Growth and development of cities.

57. Urban Redevelopment

Definition: Rebuilding areas from scratch, often replacing old structures.

58. Urban Sprawl

Definition: Uncontrolled outward expansion of urban areas.

59. Urban System

Definition: A group of cities linked by economic and social ties.

60. World City

Definition: A globally influential city, center for finance, politics, culture, etc.

61. Zoning

Definition: Dividing a city into sections for specific uses like residential, commercial, industrial.