Orthodontics

orthodontia

study dealing with the prevention and correction of abnormally positioned or misaligned teeth

orthodontist

graduate dental student who has completed an additional two to three years of study in orthodontics

centric relationship

the most retruded position of the mandibular condyle into the glenoid fossa

distoclusion

class ii condition in which the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar

division 1

maxillary incisors protruding with a v-shaped arch instead of a u shaped arch

division 2

maxillary incisors having a lingual incline with an excessive overbite and a wider than normal arch

mesioclusion

class iii condition, in which the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in the interdental space of the mandibular permanent first molars distal cusp and the mesial cusp of the mandibular permanent second molar

mesioversion

tooth is positioned more mesial than normal

distoversion

tooth is positioned more distal than normal

labioversion

anterior tooth positioned outside the arch toward the lips

buccoversion

posterior tooth positioned toward the cheek

linguoversion

tooth positioned inside the arch toward the tongue

infraversion

tooth not fully erupted or into space

torsoversion

tooth rotated on its axis

transversion

tooth in wrong order

congenital

present at birth

supernumerary

out of place

ectopic

out of place

open bite

anterior teeth do not contact with each other

overjet

also known as horizontal overbite, increased horizontal distance between the incisal edges of maxillary and the labial surfaces of the mandibular central incisors

vertical overbite

excessive amount of overlap of the maxillary and mandibular central incisors when they are in ovvlusion

crossbite

midsagittal alignment between central incisors not in agreement

underjet

maxillary incisors lingual to mandibular incisors

end to end

edges of maxillary and mandibular incisors meeting each other

preventative orthodontics

procedures taken to preserve the intergrity of a normal developing occlusion oby protecting current conditions or preventing situations that would interfere with growth

myotherapeutic

muscle healing treatment

interceptive orthodontics

procedures taken to lessen the severity of any existing malfunctions or problems from genetic or environmental factors

corrective orthodontics

procedures taken to reduce or eliminate malocclusion

rotation

turn around on an axis

translation

bodily tooth movement

tipping

change of a tooth position to a more upright direction

intrusion

movement of the tooth into the alveolus

extrusion

movement of the tooth out of the alveolus

torque

movement of the root without the movement of the crown

banding

placing a metal band around the entire selective tooth or teeth

direct bonding

cementing brackets of stainless steel or gold-plated metal composite

indirect bonding

placing and cementing brackets to tooth surfaces by means of tray delivery

invisalign braces

strong plastic custom trays used in mild malocclusion cases

lingual braces

braces that are placed on the tongue side of the teeth

accelerated osteogenic orthodontic treatment

surgical orthodontic "team" approach that involves placement of a regular orthodontic apparatus on the teeth and a periodontist or oral surgeon to incise the gingiva and expose the alveolar bone

osteopenia

lack of bone

adjunctive orthodontics

along with selective biomechanical movement

enamelplasty

removal of enamel surface

orthoganthic surgery

combines the skills of several specialists

retrognathia

receding lower jaw or "weak chin"

prognathia

protruding lower jaw, extending jaw

tempromandibular joint dysfunction

improper tmj movement

patient medical and dental history

summary of health problems, dental hygiene habits

clinical examination

inspection and charting of teeth, soft-tissue condition, and biting ability

photographs

photographic records of current condition

impression taking

impressions of both arches and a bite registration are taken for the construction of a study model to be placed on an articulator and used for study and measurements

radiographs

full mouth series to view tooth conditions

cephalometric

measurement of the head

bands

stainless steel circles or rings that are sized and cemented around a tooth

brackets

a metal, ceramic, composite, or clear resin holding device used to support and stabilize and arch wire in the mouth

soldered

jointing of two metals

db

direct bonded

arch wire

horseshoe-shaped stainless steel or nickel titanium wire that may be round

buccal tubes

support devices soldered on bands into which headgear and arch wires are inserted

button, cleats hooks, eyelets

devices used for support and holding power devices, elastics, and wires

ligature

binder or tie off

elastics

sized latex circles providing various pull forces or elastomeric ties for holding

auxiliary springs

noble metal or stainless steel attachment to apply directional force

separators

device to set aside

headgear

device composed of facebow and traction

facebow

stainless steel external archbow device that is inserted into the fixed molar tubes on the maxillary first molars

traction device

fitted, expandable device to be hooked onto a facebow after placement on the head

cervical device

circles the patients neck and attaches to the facebow to pull in a parallel position to retract teeth

high pull device

fits on top of the patients head and hooks in downward position, perpendicular to occlusion, to retract anterior teeth and control maxillary growth

combination high pull and cervical device

traction combining both forces

chin device

placed on the chin; incorporates high pull and cervical forces and is used to control mandible growth

temporary anchoring device (tad)

titanium alloy miniscrew microplant device inserted into the interproximal bone to supply anchorage and a traction hold point

class ii correction devices

spring bar that clasps onto the buccal bracket on one end and arch wire placement on the other

aligner

an invisalign system of computer-imaged and computer-generated clear plastic overlay trays used with milder cases of misaligned teeth

activator

appliance designed to guide, change, or alter facial and jaw functions for a more favorable occlusion position

hawley appliance

removable, customized, acrylic and wire appliance designed to maintain newly acquired tooth position that is worn at night and sometimes during the day

crozat appliance

removable appliance made of precious alloy with body wires, lingual arms, and a high labial arch wire

lingual retainer

mandibular lingual bar with cuspid-to-cuspid cemented unions to maintain lower incisors in position

orthodontic tooth positioner

customized mouth tray device constructed of soft acrylic or rubberized material surrounding the crowns of all the teeth in both jaws

palatal expanders

known as rpe (rapid palatal expander) a fixed appliance cemented to the maxillary molar teeth with a spring insert in the palate area

fixed space maintainer

custom-constructed appliance attached to the remaining teeth to hold a tooth pattern or to maintain space from the premature loss of a tooth

nightguard

removable plastic splint worn at night to lessen the harmful effects of patients grinding of teeth (bruxism)

mouth guard

removable custom made plastic tooth covering piece worn as protection from trauma while engaged in sport activities

oral shield

device that fits into the vestibule space between the teeth and the lips

dental appliances

specialized mouth appliances for health disorders such as sleep apnea, thumb sucking, nail biting, and tongue thrusting

band remover plier

used to remove bands from teeth

bird beak pliers

used to bend and shape appliance wires

loop forming pliers

used to form and shape loops in wires

howe pliers

used to make arch wire adjusment

three prong pliers

used to close or adjust clasps

contouring pliers

used to contour bands for concave or convex tilt

ligature tying pliers

used to tie or bind off ligature wires and to place elastics

arch forming pliers

used for bending or holding dimensional wires

stress and tension gauge

narrow, handheld instrument with interior 1 oz. and 4 oz. marked sliding scale; used to measure intraoral forces

band seater

rounded, serrated end is used to "seat" band onto a tooth

ligature tucker

straight-handheld instrument with claw like end that is used to guide ligatures and assist with the bending of cut wire edges

bracket tweezers

reverse-action, small-ended tweezers used to place direct bond brackets

ligature cutter

used to cut ligature wire, intraorally or extraorally

pin and fine wire cutter

used to cut or snip off ends of tied ligature wires

weingart utility pliers

used for placing arch wires