ENT 201 Exam 3 Sorenson

glaucopsyche xerces is also called

xerces blue

xerces blue is a type of \________________

butterfly

what are the markings of a male xerces blue?

violet-blue, sometimes with white markings

what are the markings of a female xerces blue?

gray-brown with black-outlined white dots

what do xerces blue butterflies eat?

yellow bush lupine and other blue and yellow varieties of Lotus plants

where do xerces blue butterflies live?

in sand dunes and other low brush habitats, notably, Deerweed

what is the flight of xerces blue butterflies like?

univoltine from march through april

univoltine

one generation per year

when was the xerces blue butterfly discovered?

1840s by Jean Alphonse Boisduva

when was the xerces blue butterfly considered extinct?

1940s, due to human impact on their environment

why did the xerces blue butterfly go extinct?

because the species of plants that they survive on, lotus and lupinus and deerweed plants, were devastated by development and overgrazing; conservation was not a communal effort at all during the Victorian era through post-World War 1, so once their ecosystem was disrupted, they were left on their own

what news is there on the extinction of the xerces blue butterfly?

multiple attempts have gone underway to conserve and protect other endangered and fragile species by agencies such as the Xerces Society

why is there a current effort to "de-extinct" the Xerces Blue butterfly?

because this species has lots of genetic variety and saved samples from the early 1900s

what is the genus and species name of Queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterfly species?

ornithoptera alexandrae

Queen Alexandra's Birdwing is the \__________ \_____________ butterfly species in the world; females can have wingspans in excess of \_____ cm

largest, extant (existing), 25

Queen Alexandra's Birdwing is a member of \______________, the \______________ family

papilionidae, swallowtail

Queen Alexandra's Birdwing is \___________ and \_____________ to a small area of...

endangered, restricted, Oro Province, Papua New Guinea

Queen Alexandra's Birdwing is featured on the flag of...

Oro Province

what are the exclusive host plants of Queen Alexandra's birdwing?

vines in the genus Aristolochia

how and when was the first specimen of Queen Alexandra's Birdwing obtained?

a female birdwing was shot out of the sky by collector Albert Stewart Mink in 1906

where is the first specimen of Queen Alexandra's Birdwing held?

in London's Natural History Museum

who named Queen Alexandra's Birdwing?

walter rothschild, after Queen Alexandra of England

when was the first male specimen of Queen Alexandra's Birdwing collected and by whom?

in 1907 by Albert Stewart Mink

Queen Alexandra's Birdwing male and female species look \____________

different; females are larger and duller than males

what do the male Queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterflies look like?

they have wings beautifully streaked with black and metallic blue-green

female Queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterflies are mostly....

dark with pale yellow bars and spots on wings

both sexes of Queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterfly have....

yellow abdomens and red patches on the thorax where the wings attach

how big are the Queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterflies?

huge with wingspan sometimes exceeding 25 cm and body length approximately 7.5 cm

where are queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterfly restricted to?

less than 1,200 square kilometers of rain forest in Oro province, Papua New Guinea

Why is queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterfly threatened?

it is an attractive target for collectors, a single specimen can go for over $750 on the black market

In what other ways is queen Alexandra's Birdwing butterfly threatened?

it is heavily threatened by habitat loss, including logging, conversion to agriculture, and oil palm plantations

when and where was the giraffe weevil found?

in 1860 in Madagascar by a French entomologist

where else can giraffe weevils be found?

new zealand

what is the growth potential of giraffe weevils?

more than 25 milimeters

sometimes the neck of the giraffe weevil is more than...

half the size of their body

what do giraffe weevils live on?

trees that are named for the weevils; they never leave these trees

giraffe weevils have a \_________ \_________ life cycle

year long

what do giraffe weevils eat?

the leaves of their trees and the leaf sap

giraffe weevils \_________ \__________ with their \____________

sword fight, necks

male giraffe weevils battle for \__________

mates

giraffe weevils do or do not battle to the death?

do not

where do female giraffe weevils lay their eggs?

in the middle of one of the leaves of the weevil tree; she will wrap the egg up in the leaf to protect it

when the giraffe weevil egg hatches, what does it eat?

the leaf that it was wrapped in

what is the genus and species name of the titan beetle?

titanus giganteus

the titan beetle is the \___________ insect in the world

largest

titan beetles have extremely \_________ \_______

powerful jaws

what can the jaws of a titan beetle do?

snap pencils in half and injure humans

is there much known about the life history of the titan beetle?

no

titan beetle \________ have never been found

larvae

how long do adult titan beetles live?

3 to 4 weeks

despite how big the Titan beetle is, it is \_______ to \______

difficult, find

The habitat of the titan beetle appears to be the \_____________ \_____________

amazon rainforest

in what countries has the titan beetle been discovered?

Colombia, French guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Brazil

what is the genus species name of the gypsy moth?

lymantria dispar

is the gypsy moth an invasive species?

yes

when was the gypsy moth brought to the United States?

in 1869

Who brought the gypsy moth to the US and what was his purpose for it?

Etienne Trouvelot with the purpose of establishing a silk industry in the US

what happened when the gypsy moth was brought to the US?

The larvae would manage to escape into the woods of Massachusetts and proliferate unchecked

where is the gypsy moths native to?

Europe and Asia

How do you the male and female gypsy moths differ?

The females are larger than the males

what is the characteristic of the European sub species of the gypsy moth?

The females cannot fly despite having fully formed wings

how does the Japanese sub species of the gypsy moth differ from others?

They are more of a deep dark brown

The North American species of the gypsy moths can or cannot fly?

cannot

how does the species of gypsy moth in North America differ from the species of gypsy moth in Europe?

they are basically identical

how is the gypsy moth an invasive species?

as larvae (caterpillars) they chew through much of the foliage when its populations peak; the gypsy moth defoliates forests and reduces the health of native trees until they die

what is the genus species name of northern mole crickets?

gryllotalpa hexadactyla

what are the physical features of the northern mole cricket?

cylindrical bodies, fine hairs, two antennae, beady eyes, tough exoskeleton, two pairs of wings, four flat legs, cricket-like hind legs, Colors vary

what sort of animal is the northern mole cricket?

A non-leaping cricket with the digging capabilities of a mole

Where do these crickets live?

underground

what sort of diet does the northern mole cricket have?

some are herbivores, omnivores and some are largely predatory

what does the northern mole cricket specifically feed on?

Grass roots, making them a pest to farmers

what level of metamorphosis does the northern mole cricket undergo?

incomplete metamorphosis

how do male northern mole crickets communicate?

stridulation

what is the mating process like for northern mole crickets?

they mate above ground, then the female will lay about 25 to 100 eggs underground

how are northern mole crickets perceived in Zambia?

They are thought to bring good fortune

in what countries do people eat the northern mole cricket?

Vietnam and Philippines

what are northern mole crickets used for in Latin America?

To predict rain

which continents can the Northern Mole cricket be found on?

every continent except Antarctica

does the northern mole cricket have wings?

yes, but they are not very good fliers

africanized honeybees

honeybees demonstrating the aggressive nature and other undesirable characteristics of African honeybees. Dominantly inherited when these bees mate with European strain honeybees. First released, accidentally, in Brazil in 1956; now found in southern border region of the US

agent

A living organism causing disease in arthropod-vectored disease cycles

apostrophe

in poetry, a poem made as an address to an absent person or thing, including an insect. "To a..."

Augmentation biological control

biocontrol reliant on releasing large numbers of biological control agents to suppress a pest population. Using bio control agents as "living insecticides"

bacillus thuriengensis

soil microbes found virtually worldwide which produces Crystaline proteins toxic to various insects. Widely used as a microbial insecticide, and also source of genes for transgenic crop plants

biological control

using living organisms, the "natural enemies" of pests, to reduce pest populations

bubo

characteristic, gross swelling of lymph nodes associated with plague infection

cattle grub

Dipteran pests that develop under the skin of cattle, damaging leather and causing scar tissue in meat

Chloroquine

synthetic anti-malarial drug

commercial agriculture

agriculture in which farmers produce crops primarily for sale to others

conservation biological control

controlling pest insects by protecting the biological control agents already present

cultural control

pest management which relies on modifying some thing we would do anyway to help reduce pest populations. In agriculture, could include modifying planting or harvest dates, tillage changes, crop rotation, etc. In other circumstances, sanitation is an important cultural control strategy

cultural entomology

The study of the impact of insects on human culture and society

cuticle poison

an insecticide which compromises the integrity of the insect exoskeleton, either through abrasion (dusts), interfering with epicuticular waxes (soaps), or interfering with the insect's ability to synthesize chitin. Generally very safe for non-target organisms

dengue

viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Also known as breakbone fever

economic injury level

The pest population level at which the value of lost crop yield equals the cost of controlling that pest population

economic threshold

The population level of a pest where action must be taken to keep the population from exceeding the economic injury level

epidemic typhus

Bacterial disease caused by Rickettsia and transmitted by the body louse. Outbreaks often associated with times of conflict and war; historically, the course of conflicts were often regulated in part by the disease.

exotic pest

A pestiferous organism not native to the area.

Heartworm

deadly disease of domestic dogs and other animals caused by a roundworm and transmitted by mosquitoes. Found throughout North America

Hormone mimic

An insecticide which imitates the action of an insect hormone. Juvenile hormone mimics keep insects immature until death; molting hormone mimics cause premature molting and death.