Astronomy and Cosmology

1. observe /əbˈzɜːv/

quan sát | to study celestial objects carefully | Astronomers observe distant galaxies.

2. orbit around /ˈɔːbɪt əˈraʊnd/

quay quanh | to move around a celestial body | Earth orbits around the Sun.

3. expand into /ɪkˈspænd ˈɪntuː/

giãn nở thành | to grow larger in space | The universe expands into darkness.

4. collide with /kəˈlaɪd wɪð/

va chạm với | to crash into another object | Two galaxies may collide.

5. emit from /ɪˈmɪt frɒm/

phát ra từ | to send out energy | Light is emitted from stars.

6. revolve around /rɪˈvɒlv əˈraʊnd/

xoay quanh | to move in circular motion | Moons revolve around planets.

7. break apart /breɪk əˈpɑːt/

vỡ ra | to separate into pieces | A comet breaks apart near the Sun.

8. form from /fɔːm frɒm/

hình thành từ | to develop out of matter | Stars form from gas clouds.

9. travel through /ˈtrævəl θruː/

di chuyển qua | to move across space | Light travels through space.

10. measure in /ˈmeʒə ɪn/

đo bằng | to calculate using a unit | Distance is measured in light-years.

11. drift away /drɪft əˈweɪ/

trôi xa | to move slowly away | Galaxies drift away over time.

12. align with /əˈlaɪn wɪð/

thẳng hàng với | to be in the same line | Planets align with the Sun.

13. zoom past /zuːm pɑːst/

lướt nhanh qua | to move very fast | A meteor zoomed past Earth.

14. shine through /ʃaɪn θruː/

chiếu xuyên qua | to be visible through | Starlight shines through dust.

15. pull toward /pʊl təˈwɔːd/

hút về phía | to attract by gravity | Gravity pulls matter inward.

16. cosmic /ˈkɒzmɪk/

thuộc vũ trụ | relating to the universe | Cosmic forces shape galaxies.

17. celestial /səˈlɛstʃəl/

thiên thể | relating to the sky | Celestial bodies follow orbits.

18. interstellar /ˌɪntəˈstɛlə/

liên sao | between stars | Interstellar space is cold.

19. astronomical /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl/

thiên văn | related to astronomy | Astronomical distances are huge.

20. gravitational /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənl/

hấp dẫn | caused by gravity | Gravitational force binds systems.

21. observable /əbˈzɜːvəbl/

quan sát được | able to be detected | Only part is observable.

22. luminous /ˈluːmɪnəs/

phát sáng | emitting light | The star is luminous.

23. distant /ˈdɪstənt/

xa xôi | far away | Distant galaxies appear faint.

24. massive /ˈmæsɪv/

khổng lồ | extremely large | Black holes are massive.

25. spherical /ˈsfɪərɪkəl/

hình cầu | ball-shaped | Planets are spherical.

26. rotating /rəʊˈteɪtɪŋ/

đang quay | turning on an axis | Earth is rotating.

27. expanding /ɪkˈspændɪŋ/

đang giãn nở | growing larger | The universe is expanding.

28. dark /dɑːk/

tối | lacking light | Dark regions hide stars.

29. visible /ˈvɪzəbl/

có thể thấy | able to be seen | Some planets are visible.

30. theoretical /ˌθɪəˈrɛtɪkəl/

lý thuyết | based on ideas | Theoretical models explain space.

31. primordial /praɪˈmɔːdɪəl/

nguyên thủy | existing from the beginning | Primordial matter formed early.

32. unstable /ʌnˈsteɪbl/

không ổn định | likely to change | Unstable stars explode.

33. dense /dɛns/

dày đặc | closely packed | Neutron stars are dense.

34. infinite /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/

vô hạn | without limit | Space may be infinite.

35. vast /vɑːst/

bao la | extremely large | The vast universe amazes us.

36. elliptical /ɪˈlɪptɪkəl/

hình elip | oval-shaped | Galaxies can be elliptical.

37. radioactive /ˌreɪdɪəʊˈæktɪv/

phóng xạ | emitting radiation | Some elements are radioactive.

38. stellar /ˈstɛlə/

thuộc sao | related to stars | Stellar activity varies.

39. measurable /ˈmɛʒərəbl/

đo được | able to be quantified | Velocity is measurable.

40. dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/

biến động | constantly changing | The cosmos is dynamic.

41. slowly /ˈsləʊli/

chậm rãi | at low speed | Galaxies move slowly.

42. rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/

nhanh chóng | at high speed | Stars form rapidly.

43. endlessly /ˈɛndləsli/

vô tận | without end | Space stretches endlessly.

44. barely /ˈbeəli/

hầu như không | almost not | The signal is barely detected.

45. theoretically /ˌθɪəˈrɛtɪkəli/

về mặt lý thuyết | in theory | Theoretically possible.

46. directly /dɪˈrɛktli/

trực tiếp | without barrier | We cannot directly observe it.

47. distantly /ˈdɪstəntli/

từ xa | from far away | Signals arrive distantly.

48. continually /kənˈtɪnjuːəli/

liên tục | without stopping | Expansion continues continually.

49. visually /ˈvɪʒuəli/

bằng mắt | by sight | Some objects shine visually.

50. scientifically /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli/

theo khoa học | based on science | The claim is scientifically proven.

51. galaxy /ˈɡæləksi/

thiên hà | a star system | The Milky Way is a galaxy.

52. nebula /ˈnɛbjʊlə/

tinh vân | gas and dust cloud | Nebulae create stars.

53. black hole /blæk həʊl/

hố đen | extreme gravity object | Black holes trap light.

54. dark matter /dɑːk ˈmætə/

vật chất tối | invisible matter | Dark matter affects gravity.

55. dark energy /dɑːk ˈɛnədʒi/

năng lượng tối | driving expansion | Dark energy dominates space.

56. supernova /ˌsuːpəˈnəʊvə/

siêu tân tinh | exploding star | A supernova shines brightly.

57. light-year /ˈlaɪt jɪə/

năm ánh sáng | distance unit | Stars are light-years away.

58. constellation /ˌkɒnstəˈleɪʃən/

chòm sao | star pattern | Orion is famous.

59. orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/

quỹ đạo | curved path | Planets stay in orbit.

60. gravity /ˈɡrævɪti/

lực hấp dẫn | attractive force | Gravity holds systems.

61. telescope /ˈtɛlɪskəʊp/

kính thiên văn | observing device | Telescopes reveal space.

62. Big Bang /bɪɡ bæŋ/

Vụ Nổ Lớn | origin theory | The Big Bang explains creation.

63. cosmic microwave background /ˈkɒzmɪk ˈmaɪkrəweɪv ˈbækɡraʊnd/

phông vi sóng vũ trụ | leftover radiation | Scientists study it.

64. event horizon /ɪˈvɛnt həˈraɪzən/

chân trời sự kiện | black hole boundary | Nothing escapes it.

65. solar system /ˈsəʊlə ˈsɪstəm/

hệ Mặt Trời | planets around Sun | Earth belongs here.

66. Milky Way /ˈmɪlki weɪ/

Ngân Hà | our galaxy | We live inside it.

67. exoplanet /ˈɛksəʊplænɪt/

ngoại hành tinh | planet beyond system | Thousands are found.

68. red giant /rɛd ˈdʒaɪənt/

sao khổng lồ đỏ | late-stage star | The Sun will expand.

69. neutron star /ˈnjuːtrɒn stɑː/

sao neutron | dense stellar core | They spin fast.

70. space-time /ˈspeɪs taɪm/

không-thời gian | fabric of universe | Gravity bends it.

71. cosmic ray /ˈkɒzmɪk reɪ/

tia vũ trụ | high-energy particle | Cosmic rays hit Earth.

72. stellar evolution /ˈstɛlə ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/

tiến hóa sao | life cycle | Models explain it.

73. astronomical unit /ˌæstrəˈnɒmɪkəl ˈjuːnɪt/

đơn vị thiên văn | Earth–Sun distance | Used in space math.

74. vacuum of space /ˈvækjuːəm əv speɪs/

chân không vũ trụ | near-empty region | Sound can’t travel.

75. cosmic scale /ˈkɒzmɪk skeɪl/

quy mô vũ trụ | immense scale | Events span billions.

76. star cluster /stɑː ˈklʌstə/

cụm sao | group of stars | They form together.

77. planetary motion /ˈplænɪtəri ˈməʊʃən/

chuyển động hành tinh | orbital movement | Kepler studied this.

78. orbital period /ˈɔːbɪtəl ˈpɪərɪəd/

chu kỳ quỹ đạo | time per orbit | Earth’s is one year.

79. escape velocity /ɪˈskeɪp vɪˈlɒsɪti/

vận tốc thoát | speed to escape gravity | Rockets must reach it.

80. cosmic dust /ˈkɒzmɪk dʌst/

bụi vũ trụ | tiny particles | It forms planets.

81. intergalactic space /ˌɪntəɡəˈlæktɪk speɪs/

không gian liên thiên hà | space between galaxies | Extremely empty.

82. stellar nursery /ˈstɛlə ˈnɜːsəri/

nôi sao | star-forming region | Nebulae act as nurseries.

83. universal expansion /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl ɪkˈspænʃən/

sự giãn nở vũ trụ | cosmic growth | Confirmed by data.

84. cosmic horizon /ˈkɒzmɪk həˈraɪzən/

chân trời vũ trụ | observation limit | Beyond is unknown.

85. gravitational pull /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənl pʊl/

lực hút hấp dẫn | attraction force | It shapes galaxies.

86. orbital mechanics /ˈɔːbɪtəl mɪˈkænɪks/

cơ học quỹ đạo | motion science | Used in satellites.

87. stellar mass /ˈstɛlə mæs/

khối lượng sao | star’s mass | It affects lifespan.

88. cosmic inflation /ˈkɒzmɪk ɪnˈfleɪʃən/

lạm phát vũ trụ | rapid expansion | Happened early.

89. star formation /stɑː fɔːˈmeɪʃən/

sự hình thành sao | birth process | Occurs in nebulae.

90. observable universe /əbˈzɜːvəbl ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/

vũ trụ quan sát được | detectable region | Limited by light.

91. cosmic void /ˈkɒzmɪk vɔɪd/

khoảng trống vũ trụ | empty region | Few galaxies exist.

92. stellar radiation /ˈstɛlə ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən/

bức xạ sao | emitted energy | Affects planets.

93. cosmic timeline /ˈkɒzmɪk ˈtaɪmlaɪn/

dòng thời gian vũ trụ | universe history | Begins with Big Bang.

94. baryonic matter /ˌbærɪˈɒnɪk ˈmætə/

vật chất baryon | normal matter | Makes up stars.

95. gravitational lensing /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənl ˈlɛnzɪŋ/

thấu kính hấp dẫn | light bending | Used to detect mass.

96. stellar core /ˈstɛlə kɔː/

lõi sao | central region | Fusion occurs here.

97. cosmic background radiation /ˈkɒzmɪk ˈbækɡraʊnd ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən/

bức xạ nền vũ trụ | ancient light | Evidence of origin.