Histology, Supra/infrahyoid, Tongue, Tonsils and Laryngeal

Irene Gold Pages 1-2

what is the general purpose of simple squamous epithelium?

air anf fluid diffusion

where is simple squamous epithelium found?

alveoli, capillaries, blood and lymph vessels

where is keratinized stratified squamous found?

skin

where is non-keratinized stratified squamous found?

oral cavity, anal cavity, vagina, esophagus

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

found in areas of high friction

what is the function general purpose of simple cuboidal epithelium?

secretion, protection and movement

where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

bronicoles, kidney tubules, secretory ducts of small glands, chorioid plexus

what is the general purpose of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

secretion

where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

sweat glands

what is the purpose of transitional epithelium?

stretch/expansions

where is transitional epithelium found?

urinary bladder, ureters and urethra

what is the general function of simple columnar epithelium?

absorption

where is simple columnar epithelium found?

stomach, intestines and digestive tract

what is the general purpose of stratified columnar epithelium?

reproductive tract

where is stratified columnar epithelium found?

uterus

what is the general purpose of pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium?

respiratory tract

where is seudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

majority of pulmonary tract (nasal mucosa to terminal bronchus)

where is dense regular tissue seen?

tendons and ligamnets

where is dense irregular tissue found?

dermis of skin

where is elastic tissue found?

blood cells

where is reticular tissue found?

lymph nodes and spleen

what doe collagen fibers form?

extracellular framework of all tissues, essential for tensile strength

where are type 1 collagen fibers found?

bones, tendons and organs

where are type 2 collagen fibers found?

mainly in cartilage

where are type 3 collagen fibers found?

mainy in reticular fibers

what are the 4 types of macrophages?

dust, kupfner, microglia, langerhans

where are dust cells found?

skin

where are kupffer cells found?

liver

where are microglia cells found?

brain

where are langerhans found?

skin

what is the order of the layers of the epidermis from superior to inferior?

stratium corneum → stratium lucidium → stratium granulosum → stratium spinosum → stratium germinativum (basal layer)

where is stratium lucidum found?

only in the soles of feet and palms of hands

what layer of the epidermis contains melanin?

stratium germinativum aka basal layer

wheat are the layers of the dermis?

papillary, rreticular and hypodermis

what is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?

CN 8

what is the innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

CN 5

what is the innervation of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

CN 12

what is the innervation of the mylohyoid?

CN 5 w

what is the innervation of the geniohyoid?

C1 spinal nerve via CN 12

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid

what are the infrahyoid muscles?

thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

what is the innervation os the thryohyoid?

C! spinal nerve via CN 12

what is the innervation of omohyoid?

ansa cervicalis

what is the innervation of the sternohyoid?

ansa cervicalis

what is the innervation of the sternothyoid?

ansa cervicalis

what are the extrinsic muslces of the tongue?

palatoglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus

what is teh innervation of palatoglossus?

CN 10

what is the action of the palatoglossus muscle?

elevate tongue

what is the innervation of the styloglossus?

CN 12

what is the action of the styloglossus?

elevate and retract the tongue

what is the innervation of the hyoglossus?

CN 12 w

what is the action of the hyoglossus?

depress and retract the tongue

what is the innervation of the genioglossus?

CN 12

what is the action of the genioglossus?

depress and protrude the tongue

what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical

what is the innervation of all intrinsic tongue muscles?

CN 12

what are the 4 types of taste bude?

circumvallate, filiform, fungiform, foliate

where are cicumvallate taste buds located?

anterior to the sulcus terminalis

what is true of cicumvallate taste buds?

they are the largest but also the fewest

what taste buds are not involved in taste?

filiform

what are the characteristics of filiform taste buds?

they are the smallest but also the most numerous

what is the first bud on the tongue to taste?

fungifrom

where are foliate taste buds located?

sides of the tongue

where are pharyngeal (adenoids) tonsils located?

on the roof of the nasopharynx

what does swelling of the pharyngeal tonsils cause?

can occlude opening of eustachian

what tonsils are single?

pharyngeal and lingual w

hat tonsils are bilateral?

tubal and palatine

where are tubal tonsils located?

inside mucosa of lateral walls of nasopharynx

where are palatine tonsils located?

on either side of oropharynx within the isthmus of fauces

where is the lingual tonsil found?

located at the base of posterior 1/3 of the tongue

what is the action of the posterior cricoartytenoids?

abduts vocal folds and opens glottis

what is the action of the lateral cricoartenyoids?

adducts vocal folds

what is the action of the thyroarytenoids?

relaxes vocal ligament (low pitch sound)

what is the action of the cricothyroid?

tenses and lengthens vocal ligament (high pitch sounds)

what is the glottis?

part of larynx consisting of vocal cords and the opening between them, responsible for vocal production

where is thyroid cartilage located?

level of C4-C5

what does the thyroid cartilage form?

laryngeal prominence and superior and inferior horns

what level is the cricoid cartilage located?

C6

what is the cricoid?

the transition between larynx and trachea

what does the cricoid articulate with?

arytenoid cartilages

what is does the epiglottis do?

flattens and moves posteriorly to closs of larynx and prevent aspiration when swallowing

what are the 3 paired laryngeal cartilages?

arytenoids, corniculates and cuneiforms