Early days of the cold war(Last 3)
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Section 1, Lesson 4
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What was the main conflict over Berlin after World War II?
Berlin was divided into four zones, but the entire city lay inside the Soviet zone, causing tension between the US and the Soviet Union
Why was West Berlin considered an island of democracy?
It was a democratic, capitalist area surrounded by communist East Germany behind the Iron Curtain
What event triggered the Berlin Crisis in 1948?
The US, Britain, and France planned to unify their zones into West Germany
Why did the Soviets blockade West Berlin?
They believed the creation of West Germany violated Allied agreements
What was Stalin’s gamble during the Berlin Blockade?
That the Western powers would not risk war to protect West Berlin
What was the Berlin Airlift?
A US and British effort to fly food and supplies into West Berlin
Why did Truman refuse to abandon Berlin?
It would weaken the containment policy and hurt confidence in democracy
How long did the Berlin Airlift last?
About 11 months
How much supply was flown daily into West Berlin during the airlift?
Over 4,000 tons per day
How did the Berlin Blockade end?
The Soviets lifted it in May 1949
What did the Berlin Airlift prove?
Western unity and commitment to democracy
What was NATO?
A military alliance based on collective security
What does collective security mean in NATO?
An attack on one member is an attack on all
When was NATO formed?
April 1949
Why was the Warsaw Pact created?
To counter NATO and unite communist Eastern Europe
What caused Korea to be divided?
Soviet and American occupation after World War II
What is the 38th Parallel?
The line dividing North and South Korea
Who led South Korea after division?
Syngman Rhee
Who ruled communist North Korea?
Kim Il Sung
When did the Korean War begin?
June 25, 1950
Why did Truman send US troops to Korea?
To follow containment and stop communist expansion
Why could the UN act against North Korea?
The Soviets boycotted the Security Council
What does boycotting mean?
Refusing to participate to achieve a political goal
Who led communist China in 1949?
Mao Zedong
Why was China’s communist takeover significant?
It intensified Cold War tensions
Who commanded UN forces in Korea?
General Douglas MacArthur
What was the Inchon invasion?
A surprise amphibious attack ordered by MacArthur
Why did China enter the Korean War?
US forces advanced toward the Yalu River
Why did Truman fire MacArthur?
For insubordination and criticizing civilian leadership
What did MacArthur’s firing demonstrate?
Civilian control over the military
When was the Korean War armistice signed?
July 27, 1953
What was the outcome of the Korean War?
Korea remained divided at the 38th Parallel
How many Americans died in the Korean War?
Over 36,000
What was the GI Bill?
A law providing benefits to World War II veterans
What benefits did the GI Bill provide?
Loans, education funding, and job support
Why was the GI Bill important?
It reduced unemployment and increased education
What major economic challenges did Truman face after WWII?
Inflation, strikes, and reconversion to peacetime economy
What was the Taft
Hartley Act?
What powers did Taft
Hartley give the president?
What did the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 do?
Gave the government control over nuclear materials
What was created by the National Security Act of 1947?
Secretary of Defense, NSC, and CIA
Why was the CIA created?
To monitor espionage worldwide
Who ran against Truman in the 1948 election?
Thomas Dewey
Why was the Democratic Party divided in 1948?
Ideological splits over civil rights and liberalism
What campaign strategy did Truman use in 1948?
A whistle
Why was Truman’s 1948 victory surprising?
Most predicted he would lose
What was the Fair Deal?
Truman’s plan to expand social programs
What did the Twenty
Second Amendment establish?