Military Studies Test

Joint Planning Process

Orderly, analytical set of logical steps to frame a problem

Joint Planning Process Steps

1. Planning Initiation

2. Mission Analysis

3. COA Development

4. COA Analysis and Wargaming

5. COA Comparison

6. COA Approval

7. Plan or Order Development

JADO

Joint All-Domain Operations

JADO

Comprised of air, land, maritime, cyberspace, and space domains

JADO Principles

- Mission command through centralized command, distributed control, and decentralized execution through MTOs

- Delegation of authority to lower echelons and to other component and Service leaders

- Information sharing

- Integrated multi-domain planning

- Risk identification and mitigation

- Synergistic effects

- Flexibility and Versatility

- Concentration

Competition Continuum

describes a world of enduring competition conducted through a mixture of:

- Cooperation

- Competition Below Armed Conflict

- Armed Conflict/War

- Joint force is never solely in cooperation but instead campaigns

- Describes the

environment and how the United States government applies instruments of national

power across the continuum

JIIM

Joint Interagency Intergovernmental Multinational

3 Levels of Warfare

Tactical, Operational, Strategic

Defense Priorities (4 of them)

- Defending the Homeland, paced to the growing multi-domain threat posed by the PRC

- Deterring strategic attacks against the US, Allies, partners

- Deterring aggression, while being prepared to prevail in conflict when necessary, prioritizing PRC and Russia

- Building a resilient Joint Force and defense ecosystem

3 Ways We Advance Our NDS Goals

- Integrated Detterence

- Campaigning

- Building Enduring Advantages

US Nuclear Policy Objectives

- Deterrence

- Defense

- Disarmament

- Transparency

Initiatives to Achieve US Nuclear Policy Objectives

- Modernize US nuclear arsenal to remain safe, secure, effective

- Develop new capabilities to defend against ballistic missiles

- Reduce role of nuclear weapons in US NSS

- Work w/ other countries to achieve nuclear disarmament

Instruments of National Power

DIMEFIL

- Diplomatic

- Information

- Military

- Economic

- Financial

- Intelligence

- Law Enforcement

ACE

Agile Combat Employment

- proactive and reactive operational scheme of maneuver executed within threat timelines to increase resiliency and survivability while generating combat power

ACE Enablers

- Expeditionary and Multi-Capable Airmen

- Mission Command

- Tailorable Force Packages

Proactive vs. Reactive Maneuvers

- PROACTIVE:

forces/assets are moved between operating locations - posture to deter aggression or gain advantage

- REACTIVE:

employed in response to observed, perceived, anticipated, or realized enemy aggression

ACE Framework

- Posture

- C2

- Movement and Maneuver

- Protection

- Sustainment

ACE Phases

1. SETTING THE THEATER (Posturing/Starting Point)

FOBs are identified/ready to be sustained

2. PROACTIVE ACE MANEUVER

deter adversary

3. REACTIVE ACE MANEUVER

dispense to survive

4. JOINT MASSING OF EFFECTS FROM DISPERSED LOCATIONS

5. RECOVERY + SUSTAINMENT

Mission Command

philosophy of leadership that empowers Airmen to operate in uncertain, complex, and rapidly changing environments through trust, shared awareness, and understanding of commander's intent

3 Types of Command

1. CENTRALIZED

CC responsibility/authroity

2. DISTRIBUTED

CC delegates authorities to dispersed locations to achieve span

3. DECENTRALIZED

subordinate decision making for flexibility

5 Principles of Mission Command

- Provide Clear Commander's Intent

- Create Shared Understanding

- Exercise Disciplined Initiative

- Build Teams through Mutual Trust

- Accept Prudent Risk

USAF Modified Five-Paragraph Order Format (JP 5-0)

- Situation

- Mission

- Execution

- Force Sustainment

- Command, Signal and Communications

5 C's of Mission Command

- Character

- Competence

- Capability

- Cohesion

- Capacity

Air Force Core Missions

- Air Superiority

- Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)

- Rapid Global Mobility

- Global Strike

- Command and Control

Mission Ready Airmen (MRA)

multi-skilled vital members of small teams tasked with solving complex problems under

challenging conditions. They will be required to have more and different skills than in the past.

MRA vs. MCA

MRA framework will place greater emphasis on team training

Why is Mission Ready Airmen (MRA) training needed?

Prepares Airmen with the expeditionary skills necessary to accomplish tasks outside of their core

Air Force Specialty and reduces the number of Airmen put in harm's way to generate airpower.

What does NSC stand for and what is it's purpose?

National Security Council

- Coordinates and oversees National Security Efforts in the US

- Advise President on how to meet national interest and goals

- Serves as President's principal arm for coordinating policies amount various USG departments and agencies

How does integrating military power w/ other Instruments of Power ensure the whole-of-government approach to advance US objectives?

"Military power aligns with the other instruments of national power to achieve a whole-of-government approach to advance and defend US values, interests, and objectives"

Types of Warfare (Conventional and Irregular) and levels (Strategic, Operational, Tactical)

How do defense agencies fit into NSC?

Armed Forces report to DoD --> report to SecDef --> advises the President on policy recommendations

- Defense Agencies and what they provide to the council

AIR FORCE, ARMY, NAVY, MARINES, SPACE FORCE

What are the 2 Chains of Command / What are the differences between them?

Operational + Administrative

Operational -

allocates force to CCDRs

{Combatant Commands}

Administrative -

administrative control over Service forces

[MILDEPs (Secretaries of military departments)]

MILDEPs - operate under the authority, direction and control of Secretary of that MILDEP

How do the President and SecDef exercise authority and control for the Armed Forces?

They work together and through their chain of command (Combatant Commands)

What are the 2 forms of Warfare? / Explain the 3 levels of warfare?

Conventional + Irregular

CONVENTIONAL- traditional military ops (non-nuclear)

IRREGULAR - ideology, propaganda, psychological warfare, etc.

3 Levels of Warfare:

STRATEGIC - national policy decisions into development of national, defense, and military strategies

OPERATIONAL - realm of the Combatant Commanders - application of operational art (link strategy and tactics)

TACTICAL - conduct of battles and engagements to achieve military objectives

What members make up the Joint Staff?

equal # of officers from Army, Navy, USAF, Marine Corps

What is the relationship b/t the Joint Staff and the CJCS?

Joint Staff assists the CJCS in accomplishing responsibilities for unified strategic direction of combatant forces

(CJCS principal military advisor to the President, NSC + SecDef)

What is the core function of the Joint Staff?

Assist the CJCS

- accomplish responsibilities related to unified strategic direction of combatant forces

- train, educate, develop and adapt the Joint Forces

What is a combatant command?

command with broad continuing mission under a single commander

- composed of assignment components of 2+ Military Departments, designated by President through SecDef w/ advice of CJCS

What are the Geographic Combatant Commands?

USAFRICOM

USCENTCOM

USEUCOM

USNORTHCOM

INDOPACOM

USSOUTHCOM

SPACECOM

What are the Functional Combatant Commands

CYBERCOM

USSOCOM

USTRANSCOM

USSTRATCOM

What is the A-Staff? / Why is it useful?

- vehicle through which the air component fulfills operational and administrative responsibilities

- organize, train, equip, sustain (admin responsibilities) - plans, executes and assesses operations in support of theater campaign strategies and plans

- Useful: speeds communication from HHQ to squadrons

A1

Manpower & Personnel

A2

ISR

A3

Operations

A4

Logistics

A5

Plans & Requirements

A6

Communications

A7

Installations & Mission Support

A8

Strategic Plans & Programs

A9

Analysis, Assessments & Lessons Learned

A10

Nuclear Task Force

Explain what the HLD and CS missions are

HLD = Homeland Defense

- Protect American people, Homeland and American Way of Life

- Operations planning, execution to response and recover from incidents and threats

CS = Civil Support

- Provide response to requests for assistance from civil authorities, domestic emergencies, law support

What are some examples of HLD missions and CS missions?

HLD:

- Counter air, cyber, navigation, missile warnings

CS:

- terrorist attacks, natural disasters, some cyber

(support when requested)

Core Values of Marine Corps / Navy

- Honor

- Courage

- Commitment

Core Values of Army

- Loyalty

- Duty

- Respect

- Selfless Service

- Honor

- Integrity

- Personal Courage

Core Values of Coast Guard

- Honor

- Respect

- Devotion to Duty

Core Values of Space Force

- Character

- Connection

- Commitment

- Courage

Oath of Enlistment

“I [state your full name], Do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of

the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to

the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the

officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. So help

me God (optional).”