Overview of the Human Heart and Circulatory System

What are the four chambers of the heart?

The heart has two atria (right and left) and two ventricles (right and left).

What is the primary function of the heart?

The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.

What is the role of valves in the heart?

Valves prevent the backflow of blood.

What is the fluid portion of the blood called?

Plasma.

What happens when blood leaves the left ventricle?

It goes through the aortic valve into the aorta.

What connects arterioles to venules?

Capillaries.

What is the largest artery in the body?

The aorta.

What is the purpose of leukocytes in the blood?

To fight infection and protect the body from pathogens.

What must blood pass through after leaving the right atrium?

The tricuspid valve before entering the right ventricle.

What are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called?

Arteries.

What divides the heart into right and left sides?

The septum.

What is the correct flow of blood through the body starting with the aorta?

Aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → vena cava → right atrium.

Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent backflow?

Veins.

What structures are located within the lungs?

Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and blood vessels.

What are the anterior nares also called?

Nostrils.

What are the small hairs that help to entrap and sweep out dirt particles called?

Cilia.

What are the air sacs within the lungs called?

Alveoli.

What is the large muscle under the chest cavity that helps air enter the lungs?

The diaphragm.

Where are the heart and lungs located?

Within the thoracic cavity.

How is air diffused in the lungs?

Air is diffused through the alveoli into the bloodstream.