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Broadcast Media
Replaced print media and became Americans’ main source of news and information.
High-Tech Politics
The behavior of citizens and politicians and the political agenda are shaped by technology.
Investigative Reporting
The use of in-depth reporting to unearth scandals, scams, and schemes, often putting reporters in adversarial positions with political leaders.
Mass Media
Includes television, newspapers, radios, magazines, and the internet as the main communication services.
Media Event
Events that are purposely staged for the media and are significant because the media is present.
Narrowcasting
Focusing on one specific interest or audience rather than traditional broadcasting.
Policy Agenda
A list of subjects or problems that government officials pay attention to at any given time.
Print Media
Consists of newspapers and magazines, with newspapers focusing on violence, wars, and corruption, while magazines focus on political news and opinions.
Sound Bite
News or information that is conveyed in 10 seconds or less.
Trial Balloon
Information leaked to gauge political reactions.
Blanket Primaries
A primary in which voters can vote for candidates from any party.
Coalition Governments
When two or more parties join together to form a majority in a national legislature.
Closed Primaries
Primaries where only registered party members can vote for their party's candidates.
Critical Elections
An 'electoral earthquake' when new issues appear, dividing voters and causing realignment in party coalitions.
Linkage Institutions
Institutions that translate inputs from the public into outputs from policymakers.
National Chairperson
Responsible for the day-to-day activities of the party, including hiring staff and raising money.
National Committee
Keeps the party operating between conventions; composed of representatives from states and territories.
National Convention
The meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party’s platform.
Open Primaries
Primaries that allow voters to select candidates from either party on election day.
Party Competition
The battle between Democrats and Republicans for control of public office.
Party Dealignment
Gradual movement away from both parties, leading to a decrease in party identification.
Party Eras
Historical periods when a majority of voters identify with the party in power.
Party Identification
Citizens' self-proclaimed preference for one party over another.
Party Image
Voters’ perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for.
Party Machine
A political party organization that relies on material inducement to win votes and govern.
Party Neutrality
Not aligned with or favoring either party.
Party Realignment
The displacement of the majority party by the minority party during critical elections.
Patronage
Jobs given for political reasons rather than merit, often used by party machines.
Political Party
A team seeking to control the government by winning elections and endorsing candidates.
Proportional Representation
A system that awards legislative seats to parties in proportion to the votes they receive.
Rational-Choice Theory
The theory explaining voter and politician actions based on self-interest, costs, and benefits.
Third Parties
Electoral contenders besides the two major parties that rarely win elections.
Ticket-Splitting
Voting for candidates from different parties for different offices.
Winner-Take-All System
A system where legislative seats are awarded only to candidates who come first in their constituencies.