Studied by 1 person
state
politically organized independent borders
requirements to be considered a state
defined borders
permanent residents
has government
recognized by other states
join UN
sovereignty
a government’s right to control territory, military, and defense.
nation
a group of people in an area who think themselves as one based on common heritage and culture
example of nations
The Cherokee people
nation-state
an ethnically homogenous state with a sovereign government and clearly defined borders
examples of nation-states
Japan, Iceland
stateless nation
a nation that has no territory of its own but should
example of stateless nation
The Basque people of Northern Spain
multi-state nation
a nation of people that live in more than one state
examples of multistate nation
the Korean people
irrendentism
attempting to acquire territories in inhabited neighboring states. fueled by the belief that it was once lost and must be regained
example of irrendentism
Russian troops trying to annex part of Ukraine
multinational state
a state that includes more than one nation within its borders
examples of multinational state
Canada (French Canadian, Native Americans, English Canadians)
autonomous region
subdivision/dependant territory of a state that has a degree of self-government (autonomy) in decision making
example of autonomous regions
Native American Reservations
semi-autonomous regions
subdivision/dependant territory of a state that do not have a degree of self-government (autonomy) in decision making
examples of semi-autonomous regions
Greenland, Scotland (Great Britain), Hong Kong
colonialism (time period, powers, where, why)
15-18th centuries.
Portugal, France, Spain, Great Britain
Colonized the Americas
3 G’s, mercantilism, and settlement
new imperialism
19th century
Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Germany
Focused on Africa and Asia
Nationalism and cheap labor
self-determination
belief that people have the right to choose their own political status.
Independence Movements/Decolonization
achieving independence from colonial power. inspired by Pres. Woodrow Wilson’s push for peace.
political power (geographically)
control over people, land, and resources
not always confined within a state’s border (international affairs)
examples of political power
neocolonialism, shatterbelts, chokepoints,
territoriality
process used by groups/organizations to claim power over an area, its people, and its resources
neocolonialism (new colonialism)
the use of economic, social, and political pressures to control/influence countries (especially former colonies)
examples of neocolonialism
Kenya needs railroad; China pays for it; Kenya in debt to China; China control railroad
chokepoints
an area on land or sea that has to be passed to reach another destination. (power of access)
examples of chokepoints (sea)
narrow, strategic passage way to another difficult pass (canal or strait) ex: Panama Canal
examples of chokepoints (land)
railroad or gas pipeline
shatterbelts (type 1)
region caught between more powerful states in conflict. tug of war (external pressure)
shatterbelts (type 2)
region where different nations/cultural group come into contact and have conflict with one another (internal pressure)
definition
claimed, negotiated, or captured boundaries
delimitation
drawn on a map
ex: Berlin Conference
demarcation
markers physically placed on the ground
administer
manage and maintain the border
antecedent boundaries
ancient/prehistoric boundaries that existed before area was settled (usually physical features)
subsequent boundaries
boundaries developed because of conflict or cultural changes (war and migration) (common)
consequent boundaries
type of subsequent boundary
takes peoples’ differences/cultural landscape into account
superimposed boundaries
boundaries imposed by outside forces
ex: Africa via Berlin conference
geometric boundaries
boundaries drawn using grid systems (lat. and long.; straight line)
relic boundaries
former boundaries that no longer function, but their imprint is still present on CEP landscape
physical political boundaries
boundaries that follow an agreed upon feature in the natural landscape (ex. Tex-Mex border - Rio Grande River)
definitional boundaries (communication breakdown)
when conflict happens because the agreement can be interpreted differently`
locational boundaries
agree on definition, but not location of border on map
operational boundaries
agreed boundaries, but disagreement on boundaries function
allocation boundaries
disputes over natural resources that lie in/across the boundaries (underground oil and fresh water)
superimposed boundaries
boundaries imposed on another group by outside powers (conquerers), ignoring the cultural landscape (ex: Africa and Europe
enclave
a start or part of a state surrounded by another state (ex. Vatican City)
exclave
a part of a state separated from the rest of the state
