APHG Unit 4 flashcard

cottage industry

System of manufacturing that takes place in the home.

bulk-gaining

Production increases the weight of a product.

Post-fordist Model

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks.

agglomeration

The concentration of specific industries in locations.

break-of-bulk point

A location where the transfer between types of transport is easiest (and cheapest).

labor intensive industry

A type of industry in which wages are the majority of the costs of production.

bulk-reducing

Production decreases the weight of a product.

Fordist model

A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.

right-to-work laws

A law that prevents a union and company from negotiation a contract requiring workers to join a union.

textiles

A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing

outsourcing

To turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Greenhouse effect

Heat from the sun becomes trapped in the Earth's atmosphere instead of radiating out to space.

vertical integration

Organization of a business where the enterprise owns all phases of production.

New International Division of Labor

Selective transfer of low-skill, low-wage jobs from MDCs to LDCs while high-skill operations remain in MDCs

Remanufacturing

Rebuilding product to specifications of the original manufactured product using some reused and repaired parts

What Region?: Region that contains the first areas to enter the Industrial Revolution.

United kingdom

What region?: The largest clothing and textile-producing region in the United States

Southern California

What Region?: The oldest industrial area in the United States. Developed as an industrial center in the early nineteenth century, beginning with cotton textiles.

New england

What Region?: The largest market in the United States that has numerous large ports, and it is where the financial services industry is concentrated.

Middle Atlantic

What Region?: This industrial area contains the world’s largest port, Rotterdam.

Rhine-Ruhr Valley

Bulk-gaining or bulk-reducing?: Automobile

bulk gaining

Bulk-gaining or bulk-reducing?: coppermining

bulk reducing

Bulk-gaining or bulk-reducing?: Beer ND beverage bottling and production

bulk gaining

Production sometimes uses, "mountain top removal."

coal

Generally considered the cleanest of the fossil fuels.

natural gas

No carbon dioxide emissions, but deadly toxic waste produced.

nuclear energy

Dire geopolitical considerations with the production of this type energy.

oil/petroleum

Production of this type of energy involves food costs as well.

biomass/ethanol

Few sites and huge costs make this type energy an unlikely solution.

hydroelectric

A very unreliable, if clean, type of renewable energy.

wind

The cost and storage of this type of energy are problematic.

solar

Usually found only at the intersections of tectonic plates.

geothermal

Which of the following would most likely occur at a “break-of-bulk” point?

Goods are unloaded from trains and placed on trucks

In which of following countries would a labor intensive industry most likely be located

China

Which of the following best explains why early factories were two-story stuctures?

Land prices were high, so factory owners “built up” to cut costs

Presently, which of the following types of energy is MOST consumed globally?

fossil fuels

what are some examples of local air pollution?

Carbon monoxide and particulates that create smog

Whats an example of regional air pollution?

Sulfur dioxide that produces “acid rain.”

Whats an example global air pollution?

Carbon dioxide, which it the primary greenhouse gas.

Example of point source pollution:

Pollution of the ganges river

Example of a municipal dump:

Sanitary landfill

Generally, which of the following best explains why most labor-intensive industries are located in LDCs?

Wages are much lower in LDCs

Industrial development has largely bi-passed the Southern States until the latter half of the 20th century for which of the following reasons?

There was little infrastructure built in the south

To which of the following regions has U.S. industry relocated with the U.S.?

The southwest

In which of the following states would “Right-to-Work” laws most likely be found?

A southern State

Which of the following best describes the global division of labor in the 21st century?

high skilled labor located in MDCs low skilled labor located in LDCs

Which of the following processes in the textile industry might be located in MDCs?

assembly

Which of the following countries is currently the single largest steel producer in the world?

China

In the last 50 years, industry in Europe has relocated in which of the following patterns?

From Western Europe to eastern europe

A maquiladora would most likely be found in which of the following countries?

Mexico

Acid rain damages building constructed of which of the following materials?

Limestone

Maquiliadoras are located on the border between the U.S. and Mexico mostly because...

Mexican wages are cheaper than in the US

Which country is the largest producer of carbon dioxide per capita?

United states

Generally, LDCs have more water pollution than MDCs because... 

LDCs cannot afford the water treatment facilities.