Pharmacology Ch. 12 Review

1) Blood coagulates to form a blood clot through a complex series of steps involving all of the following substances, EXCEPT ________.

white blood cells

2) Warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) is ________.

measured in mg, given orally and IV

3) ________ drugs bind to fibrin strands in the clot, convert plasminogen in the clot to plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme that breaks apart fibrin and the clot.

Platelet aggregation inhibitor

4) The formation of many clotting factors is dependent on the presence of ________.

vitamin K

5) Heparin is composed of large molecules that are not easily absorbed. Only about ________ of a dose actually exerts a therapeutic effect.

20 to 30 percent

6) Heparin is always measured in ________.

units

7) While she was in the hospital, Renee Waters was receiving subcutaneous heparin administered by a nurse. Now that she is being discharged home, the physician has switched her to what other drug?

an oral anticoagulant drug

8) Some platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs block a receptor (glycoprotein IIb/IIIA) on platelets, and this prevents fibrinogen (clotting factor I) from binding to ________.

its receptor

9) One cause of anemia is due to a decrease in the ________ in the blood.

number of red blood cells

10) Anticoagulant drugs are used to ________ a blood clot.

prevent

11) The first prescription anticoagulant drug available was ________.

heparin

12) The platelet aggregation inhibitor drug dipyridamole (Persantine) is given along with other anticoagulant drugs to prevent platelets from ________.

adhering to artificial heart valves

13) Cathflo Activase is used to ________.

break up a clot that has formed in a central venous catheter or intravenous line

14) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) drugs are given at the time of a ________ to dissolve a blood clot that has already formed.

myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism

15) Anemia can be due to insufficient amounts of all of the following, EXCEPT ________.

thrombin

16) Which of the following statements about protamine sulfate are TRUE?

Protamine sulfate is used to treat a heparin overdose.

17) All of the following drugs are able to dissolve a blood clot, EXCEPT ________.

darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp)

18) Hemophiliac patients are given ________.

units of whole blood, blood products (plasma, packed RBCs), clotting factors

19) All of the following are platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs, EXCEPT ________.

apixaban (Eliquis)

20) All of the generic drugs that have ________ or iron in their name are iron supplements that are used to treat iron deficiency anemia.

ferrous

21) The ending ________ is common to generic name heparin and low molecular weight heparin drugs.

-parin

22) Hemophilia A is ________.

the most common type of hemophilia and caused by the lack of clotting factor VIII

23) Which of the following statements about low molecular weight heparins is FALSE?

Low molecular weight heparins have a larger molecular size than heparin.

24) All of the following anticoagulant drugs can be given orally EXCEPT ________.

heparin

25) Patients taking warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) for long-term anticoagulant drug therapy need to be sure they do not eat too much of which kinds of foods?

leafy green vegetables, beef liver, soy products

26) All of the following are thrombin inhibitor drugs, EXCEPT ________.

apixaban (Eliquis)

27) Which of the following is true of phytonadione (Mephyton)?

It is a vitamin K drug, used to treat anticoagulant overdose, and prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborns

28) All of the following are low molecular weight heparin drugs, EXCEPT ________.

heparin

29) Anemia can be caused by all of the following, EXCEPT ________.

a lack of vitamin K

30) Which of the following is an example of the drug effect of antagonism?

taking an anticoagulant drug with a meal of leafy green vegetables

31) A platelet aggregation inhibitor drug would be given in all of the following situations, EXCEPT ________.

to prevent hemorrhagic disease after a newborn's birth

32) In the drugs ferrous fumarate (Ferro-Sequels and ferrous gluconate (Fergon), the word ferrous tells you that these drugs contain ________.

iron

33) The abbreviation LMWH is associated with the drug ________.

heparin

34) The generic platelet aggregation inhibitor drug clopidogrel is related to the well-known trade name drug ________.

Plavix

35) Besides being an antiplatelet drug, aspirin has other effects that include ________.

relieving pain, reducing fever and inflammation

(T/F) The liver produces clotting factors I through VIII.

F

(T/F) Heparin inhibits clotting factor X in the liver, which stops the series of steps needed to form a blood clot.

T

(T/F) Heparin can only be given subcutaneously or intravenously.

T

(T/F) Platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs prevent platelets from binding to the site of injury or from clumping together to begin the formation of a clot.

T

(T/F) Platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs are classified under the larger category of anticoagulant drugs.

T

(T/F) Thrombin inhibitor drugs bind to receptors on both circulating thrombin and thrombin already incorporated in a blood clot.

T

(T/F) Factor Xa inhibitor drugs exert their main effect on thrombin or platelets.

T

(T/F) Anticoagulant drugs can prevent blood clots from forming, prevent blood clots from enlarging, and are effective in dissolving blood clots once they have formed.

F

(T/F) Protamine sulfate, a heparin antagonist drug, is used to treat heparin overdose or to reverse the effect of heparin given during surgery.

T

(T/F) Hemophilia is an inherited genetic abnormality that causes a deficiency of a specific clotting factor.

T

(T/F) The drug Coagulin-B is the actual cellular gene that directs the liver to produce clotting factor IX.

T

(T/F) The anticoagulant drug warfarin blocks vitamin C to keep the liver from producing clotting factors.

F

(T/F) Thrombolytic enzyme drugs revolutionized the treatment of myocardial infarction and stroke because they were the first drugs that could actually dissolve a clot.

T

(T/F) Darbepoetin alfa, epoetin alfa, and epoetin beta are erythropoietin-like drugs created with recombinant DNA technology.

T

(T/F) The anticoagulant drug warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) can dissolve clots that have already formed.

F

(T/F) A saline or heparin lock is a device that provides immediate intravenous access for administering intravenous drugs without the need to have intravenous fluids running continuously.

T

(T/F) Factor Xa inhibitor drugs are used to prevent blood clots in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery or abdominal surgery.

T

(T/F) Anticoagulant drugs are given during hemodialysis for patients with chronic kidney failure.

T

(T/F) Aspirin prolongs the clotting time by inhibiting thromboxane, a substance in the blood that causes platelet aggregation.

T

1) Platelets stick to damaged tissue to form clumps, and this process is known as platelet __________.

aggregation

2) The ending _____ (which means enzyme) is common to both the generic and trade names of thrombolytic drugs.

-ase

3) The tPA drugs can _______ (break apart) a blood clot once it has formed.

dissolve

4) The chemical symbol for iron is _____.

Fe

5) The abbreviation DVT stands for _______________.

deep vein thrombosis

6) The abbreviation tPA stands for _____________.

tissue plasminogen activator

7) Anemia is a decrease in the number of ___ blood cells (erythrocytes).

red

8) The ending ______ is common to generic thrombin inhibitor drugs.

-rudin

9) A drug-food interaction in which the food decreases the therapeutic effect of the drug is known as _______.

antagonism

10) The most well-known antiplatelet drug that is inexpensive and can be purchased over-the-counter is the drug _________.

aspirin

clopidogrel (Plavix)

platelet aggregation inhibitor drug

ferrous sulfate

over-the-counter iron supplement

Aggrenox

combination aspirin and platelet aggregation inhibitor drug

bivalirudin (Angiomax)

thrombin inhibitor drug

Coumadin

warfarin

enoxaparin (Lovenox)

low molecular weight heparin drug

epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit)

erythropoietin-like drug for anemia

fondaparinux (Arixtra)

factor Xa inhibitor drug

reteplase (Retavase)

tissue plasminogen activator drug

factor VIIa (NovoSeven)

drug used to treat hemophilia