1) Blood coagulates to form a blood clot through a complex series of steps involving all of the following substances, EXCEPT ________.
white blood cells
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2) Warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) is ________.
measured in mg, given orally and IV
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3) ________ drugs bind to fibrin strands in the clot, convert plasminogen in the clot to plasmin (fibrinolysin), an enzyme that breaks apart fibrin and the clot.
Platelet aggregation inhibitor
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4) The formation of many clotting factors is dependent on the presence of ________.
vitamin K
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5) Heparin is composed of large molecules that are not easily absorbed. Only about ________ of a dose actually exerts a therapeutic effect.
20 to 30 percent
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6) Heparin is always measured in ________.
units
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7) While she was in the hospital, Renee Waters was receiving subcutaneous heparin administered by a nurse. Now that she is being discharged home, the physician has switched her to what other drug?
an oral anticoagulant drug
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8) Some platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs block a receptor (glycoprotein IIb/IIIA) on platelets, and this prevents fibrinogen (clotting factor I) from binding to ________.
its receptor
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9) One cause of anemia is due to a decrease in the ________ in the blood.
number of red blood cells
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10) Anticoagulant drugs are used to ________ a blood clot.
prevent
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11) The first prescription anticoagulant drug available was ________.
heparin
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12) The platelet aggregation inhibitor drug dipyridamole (Persantine) is given along with other anticoagulant drugs to prevent platelets from ________.
adhering to artificial heart valves
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13) Cathflo Activase is used to ________.
break up a clot that has formed in a central venous catheter or intravenous line
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14) Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) drugs are given at the time of a ________ to dissolve a blood clot that has already formed.
myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism
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15) Anemia can be due to insufficient amounts of all of the following, EXCEPT ________.
thrombin
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16) Which of the following statements about protamine sulfate are TRUE?
Protamine sulfate is used to treat a heparin overdose.
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17) All of the following drugs are able to dissolve a blood clot, EXCEPT ________.
darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp)
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18) Hemophiliac patients are given ________.
units of whole blood, blood products (plasma, packed RBCs), clotting factors
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19) All of the following are platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs, EXCEPT ________.
apixaban (Eliquis)
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20) All of the generic drugs that have ________ or iron in their name are iron supplements that are used to treat iron deficiency anemia.
ferrous
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21) The ending ________ is common to generic name heparin and low molecular weight heparin drugs.
-parin
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22) Hemophilia A is ________.
the most common type of hemophilia and caused by the lack of clotting factor VIII
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23) Which of the following statements about low molecular weight heparins is FALSE?
Low molecular weight heparins have a larger molecular size than heparin.
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24) All of the following anticoagulant drugs can be given orally EXCEPT ________.
heparin
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25) Patients taking warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) for long-term anticoagulant drug therapy need to be sure they do not eat too much of which kinds of foods?
leafy green vegetables, beef liver, soy products
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26) All of the following are thrombin inhibitor drugs, EXCEPT ________.
apixaban (Eliquis)
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27) Which of the following is true of phytonadione (Mephyton)?
It is a vitamin K drug, used to treat anticoagulant overdose, and prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborns
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28) All of the following are low molecular weight heparin drugs, EXCEPT ________.
heparin
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29) Anemia can be caused by all of the following, EXCEPT ________.
a lack of vitamin K
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30) Which of the following is an example of the drug effect of antagonism?
taking an anticoagulant drug with a meal of leafy green vegetables
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31) A platelet aggregation inhibitor drug would be given in all of the following situations, EXCEPT ________.
to prevent hemorrhagic disease after a newborn's birth
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32) In the drugs ferrous fumarate (Ferro-Sequels and ferrous gluconate (Fergon), the word ferrous tells you that these drugs contain ________.
iron
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33) The abbreviation LMWH is associated with the drug ________.
heparin
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34) The generic platelet aggregation inhibitor drug clopidogrel is related to the well-known trade name drug ________.
Plavix
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35) Besides being an antiplatelet drug, aspirin has other effects that include ________.
relieving pain, reducing fever and inflammation
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(T/F) The liver produces clotting factors I through VIII.
F
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(T/F) Heparin inhibits clotting factor X in the liver, which stops the series of steps needed to form a blood clot.
T
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(T/F) Heparin can only be given subcutaneously or intravenously.
T
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(T/F) Platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs prevent platelets from binding to the site of injury or from clumping together to begin the formation of a clot.
T
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(T/F) Platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs are classified under the larger category of anticoagulant drugs.
T
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(T/F) Thrombin inhibitor drugs bind to receptors on both circulating thrombin and thrombin already incorporated in a blood clot.
T
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(T/F) Factor Xa inhibitor drugs exert their main effect on thrombin or platelets.
T
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(T/F) Anticoagulant drugs can prevent blood clots from forming, prevent blood clots from enlarging, and are effective in dissolving blood clots once they have formed.
F
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(T/F) Protamine sulfate, a heparin antagonist drug, is used to treat heparin overdose or to reverse the effect of heparin given during surgery.
T
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(T/F) Hemophilia is an inherited genetic abnormality that causes a deficiency of a specific clotting factor.
T
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(T/F) The drug Coagulin-B is the actual cellular gene that directs the liver to produce clotting factor IX.
T
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(T/F) The anticoagulant drug warfarin blocks vitamin C to keep the liver from producing clotting factors.
F
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(T/F) Thrombolytic enzyme drugs revolutionized the treatment of myocardial infarction and stroke because they were the first drugs that could actually dissolve a clot.
T
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(T/F) Darbepoetin alfa, epoetin alfa, and epoetin beta are erythropoietin-like drugs created with recombinant DNA technology.
T
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(T/F) The anticoagulant drug warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) can dissolve clots that have already formed.
F
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(T/F) A saline or heparin lock is a device that provides immediate intravenous access for administering intravenous drugs without the need to have intravenous fluids running continuously.
T
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(T/F) Factor Xa inhibitor drugs are used to prevent blood clots in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery or abdominal surgery.
T
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(T/F) Anticoagulant drugs are given during hemodialysis for patients with chronic kidney failure.
T
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(T/F) Aspirin prolongs the clotting time by inhibiting thromboxane, a substance in the blood that causes platelet aggregation.
T
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1) Platelets stick to damaged tissue to form clumps, and this process is known as platelet __________.
aggregation
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2) The ending _____ (which means enzyme) is common to both the generic and trade names of thrombolytic drugs.
-ase
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3) The tPA drugs can _______ (break apart) a blood clot once it has formed.
dissolve
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4) The chemical symbol for iron is _____.
Fe
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5) The abbreviation DVT stands for _______________.
deep vein thrombosis
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6) The abbreviation tPA stands for _____________.
tissue plasminogen activator
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7) Anemia is a decrease in the number of ___ blood cells (erythrocytes).
red
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8) The ending ______ is common to generic thrombin inhibitor drugs.
-rudin
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9) A drug-food interaction in which the food decreases the therapeutic effect of the drug is known as _______.
antagonism
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10) The most well-known antiplatelet drug that is inexpensive and can be purchased over-the-counter is the drug _________.
aspirin
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clopidogrel (Plavix)
platelet aggregation inhibitor drug
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ferrous sulfate
over-the-counter iron supplement
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Aggrenox
combination aspirin and platelet aggregation inhibitor drug
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