Health Science 1: 3.01 Digestive system & disorders

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder. occur after eating fatty foods

mechanical digestion

physical breakdown of food; mostly happens in the mouth (teeth) but also takes place in the stomach

cirrhosis

chronic destruction of liver cells. associated with alcoholism

chemical digestion

food mixing with enzymes that breakdown large food molecules into small molecules; starts in the mouth

absorption

nutrients pass into the bloodstream, taken to body tissues, takes place in the small intestine

elimination

body gets rid of waste products

gastroenteritis

inflammation of stomach and intestines. prevented by hand washing

mouth

soft and hard palate, taste buds, teeth - chewing and start of chemical digestion with saliva, bolus is formed

gastroesophogeal reflux disease

erosion of esophageal lining by acid reflux. often due to weakened esophageal sphincter

pharynx

food/air share space, muscular tube, common passageway for food and air

hepatitis

viral inflammation of the liver

esophagus

muscular tube, pushes food down the stomach by peristalsis, goes through diaphragm, ends @ cardiac sphincter

stomach

pouch-like organ lined with mucous producing cells; rugae in lining; food is mixed HCl and enzymes; protein digestion begins

small intestine

22-24 ft long; digestion ends and absorption begins; receives chyme from stomach, nutrients are absorbed and pass through the capillaries

peptic ulcers

open sores on stomach

large intestine

5 feet long; absorbs water; has ascending, transverse and descending colon ends with the rectum and then anus

teeth

32 in total; breakdown of food into smaller pieces

tongue

4 types of tastebuds helps remove/dislocate food particles in teeth; helps in swallowing food

salivary glands

3 types; cleaning action on teeth; lubricates food, take molecules in for tasting; releases amylase

liver

produces bile, breaks down fat, stores iron, copper, B12, can regenerate, 2nd largest organ

cholelithiasis

gallstones in the gallbladder

pancreas

flat organ, creates insulin, has enzymes that break down fats, carbs and proteins

gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

gallbladder

stores bile, underneath the liver; releases bile into the duodenum to break down fat and neutralize acid

Constipation

difficulty in passing stools

Protein

Aids in wound healing

Calcium

aid in blood clotting

carbohydrates

provide energy