OEC 6th Edition Chapter 15

The walls of the capillaries are only one cell thick. This allows the exchange of nutrients and oxygen and waste products. The capillaries serve as the bridge between:

A) arterioles and venules.

B) the right atrium and the left atrium.

C) the pulmonary vein and the pulmonary artery.

D) arteries and veins.

A) arterioles and venules.

Which of the following statements concerning the flow of blood to and through the right side of the heart is correct?

A) Blood reaches the right atrium from the aorta, is pumped through the mitral valve into the right ventricle, and is then pumped through the pulmonary veins to the lungs.

B) Poorly oxygenated blood reaches the right ventricle from the venae cavae, is pumped through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery, and then enters the right atrium and is pumped into the lungs.

C) Oxygenated blood reaches the right atrium from the pulmonary veins, is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, and is then pumped into the aorta and throughout the body.

D) Poorly oxygenated blood reaches the right atrium from the venae cavae, is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, and is then pumped through the pulmonic valve and on to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.

D) Poorly oxygenated blood reaches the right atrium from the venae cavae, is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, and is then pumped through the pulmonic valve and on to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.

The left side of the heart

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

After jogging with your friend for about 30 minutes, she stops and asks why your heart rate increases and your heart feels like it is pumping harder after you exercise for a while. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular system, your best response would be which of the following statements?

A) "You're out of shape. Those things wouldn't happen if you exercised more."

B) "Exercise makes your body need more nutrients and oxygen. Your heart pumps harder and faster to deliver more blood containing those things to your muscles."

C) "When you exercise, your blood pressure increases, so your heart has to work harder to overcome the higher blood pressure."

D) "Exercise pushes more blood into your heart, so your heart has to work harder and faster to pump the blood out so you don't go into heart failure."

B) "Exercise makes your body need more nutrients and oxygen. Your heart pumps harder and faster to deliver more blood containing those things to your muscles."

What do arteries do

They carry blood away from the heart.

Which of the following statements concerning the cardiovascular system is true?

A) It consists of four major components: the heart, the lungs, the blood vessels, and blood.

B) The heart is a muscular organ located behind and to the right of the sternum.

C) An electrical impulse that starts in the right atrium stimulates contraction of the heart muscle.

D) The subclavian arteries supply blood to the pelvis and legs.

C) An electrical impulse that starts in the right atrium stimulates contraction of the heart muscle.

The largest artery in the body is the:

Aorta

Congestive heart failure signs 

Heart cannot pump enough blood for body needs. Signs are shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, chest pain, wheezing, dizziness

Coronary artery disease

Narrowing of the small arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart

A patient with chest pain informs you that he has "a bad heart." You think he may have congestive heart failure. When performing your secondary assessment, which of the following signs or symptoms does not indicate that the patient is in congestive heart failure?

A) Swollen ankles

B) Bradycardia

C) Bubbling breathing noises

D) Shortness of breath

B) Bradycardia

You are out shopping when a middle-aged man suddenly falls to the ground. You quickly run to assist him and note that he is not breathing and does not have a carotid pulse. You begin CPR because you know that prompt intervention with an AED is needed. Which of the following statements is not a reason that prompt intervention with an AED is needed?

A) Since AED was first used by trained and lay rescuers, patient survival from sudden cardiac arrest has doubled.

B) Two common arrhythmias that are associated with sudden cardiac death—ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia—can respond to AED use.

C) Asystole, which can accompany an acute MI, is often reversed by the use of an AED.

D) Studies show that after 10 minutes of pulseless cardiac arrest due to V-fib or V-tach, the heart is less responsive to electrical stimulation.

C) Asystole, which can accompany an acute MI, is often reversed by the use of an AED.

The only reason to delay transport in case of a cardiac emergency is:

A) to use an AED.

B) to take a complete history.

C) to provide nitroglycerin.

D) to make the patient comfortable.

A) to use an AED.

Aspirin may be used in a patient who has chest pain suggestive of a heart attack because aspirin may

Decrease the ability of platelets to form clots.

How does nitroglycerin treat chest pain

Dilates the arteries and veins, which decreases the workload on the heart.

Three commonly used cardiac medications are:

Nitroglycerine, Coumadin, and Lasix.

Which of the following signs or symptoms is suggestive of right-sided congestive heart failure?

Edema in the legs and feet

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A bulge or enlargement in the aorta. Signs are abdominal discomfort, nausea, low bloodp resure, foot or leg pain

You are assessing a 68-year-old man with a history of abdominal aortic aneurysm. How far might pain be radiating?

A) Groin

B) Knee

C) Ankle

D) Toes

A) Groin

Hallmark signs of pericardial tamponade

It is where fluid accumulates in pericardial sac, preventing it from pumping effectively. Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled or distant heart tones.

Reasons to stop CPR

Patient is breathing, you are ready to use an AED

Blood in the right ventricle is pumped into the:

Pulmonary artery.

You have been called to treat a 47-year-old man complaining of chest pain. He is alert, oriented, and complaining of pain in his chest that came on suddenly about 15 minutes ago. His skin is sweaty and cool. Which of the following actions should you take first?

A) Apply oxygen at 15 LPM through a nonrebreather mask.

B) Begin CPR.

C) Help him administer his nitroglycerin.

D) Obtain a SAMPLE history.

A) Apply oxygen at 15 LPM through a nonrebreather mask.

When assisting a patient to take a nitroglycerin tablet, it is:

Placed under the tongue.

Which medication, if taken in the last 24 hours, would be a contraindication to administering nitroglycerin?

C) Viagra

Which of the following actions is most important before assisting a patient to take prescribed nitroglycerin?

A) Determine whether the patient has any allergies.

B) Evaluate the patient's blood pressure.

C) Determine whether the patient has a headache.

D) Attach the patient to an AED.

B) Evaluate the patient's blood pressure.