Biology 2.3 updated.

a-, an-

not; without

aden/o

gland

adip/o

fat

anter/o

front or before

caud/o

tail; lower part of the body

cephal/o

head

cyt/o, -cyte

cell

dem/i, dem/o

people; population

dors/i, dors/o

back of the body

en-, end-, endo-

in; within; inside

epi-

upon, over

eti/o

cause of disease

ex-, exo-

out of; outside; away from

gen/o

producing; forming

histi/o, hist/o

tissue

iatr/o

specialish; field of medicine

idi/o

peculiar to one individual or orgin; also unknown

macro-

large; abnormal size or length; long

medi/o

middle

mega-

large; great

micro-, micr/o

small

mid-

middle

nosocomi/o

relating to hospital

-ology, -ologist

the study of

pan-

all; entire; every

path/o, -pathy

disease; suffering; feeling; emotion

physi/o, physic/o

nature or physical

plas/i, plas/o, -plasia

development; growth; formation

poster/o

back or toward the back

proxim/o

near

retro-

behind; backward; back of

-stasis, -static

control

thorac/o

chest; thorax

trans-

across; through

ventr/o

belly side of the body

-verse, -version

to turn

abdominal cavity(ies)/abdomen/abd

contains the major organs of digestion

abdominopelvic cavity(ies)

refers to the abdominal cavity & the pelvic cavity as a single unit

adenectomy(ies)

the surgical removal of a gland

adenocarcinoma(mata or s)

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

adenoma(mata or s)

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

adenomalacia

the abnormal softening of a gland

adenosclerosis(es)

the abnormal hardening of a gland

adenosis(es)

any disease or condition of a gland

anaplasia(s)

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

anatomic position

desribes the body standing in the standard position

anatomy/A

the study of the structures of the body

anomaly(ies)

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

anterior(s)

situated in the front; front or forward part of an organ

aplasia

the defective development or an organ or tissue

atresia

desribes the congenital absense of anormal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

atrophy(ies)

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time

body planes

imaginary vertical and hiorizontal lines usedto divide the body into sections

bloodborne transmission

the spread of a disease through contact with infected blood

caudal

toward the lower part of the body

cephalic

toward the head

chromosome(s)

the genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

communicable disease(s)/CD

any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact w contaminated objects

congenital disorder(s)

an abnormal condition that exisits at the time of birth

connective tissue

support and connect organs and other body tissues

cystic fibrosis/CF

a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the resipiratory and digestive systems

cytology

the study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

cytoplasm

the material within the cell membrane the is NOT part of the nucleus

deoxyribonucleic acid/DNA

DNA

developmental disorder(s)

can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absensce of a limb or the presence of an extra toe

distal

situated farthest from the midlien or beginning of a body structure

dorsal

refers to the back of the organ or body

dysplasia(s)

the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

endemic

refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

endocrine gland(s)

produce hormones, do not have ducts

endothelium

the tissue that forms a single layer of cells lining various organs and cavities of the body,

epidemic/epid

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

epidemiologist

a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group

epigastric region

located above the stomach

epithelial tissue

forms a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

etiology/etiol

the study of the causes of diseases

exocrine gland(s)

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

fetal acohol syndrome/FAS

caused by the mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

fomite(s)

objects or materials that are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture.

frontal plane (coronal plane)

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

functional disorder(s)

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

gene

a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

genetic disorder(s)

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

genetic mutation(s)

a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule

genome

the complete set of genetic information of an organism

geriatrician(s)

a specialist who studies the medical problems and care of older people

hemophilia

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

histology

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

homeostasis

the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal envrionment

horizontal plane

flat, crosswise plane

Huntington disease/HD

causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife

hyperplasia

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

hypertrophy

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an icrease in the size, not the number, of cells in the tissues

hypogastric region(s)

located below the stomach

hypoplasia

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

iatrogenic illness(es)

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

idiopathic disorder(s)

an illness without known cause

infectious disease(s)

an illness cuased by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

inguinal

refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

inferior

lowermost, below, or toward the feet