Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, including definitions and explanations of normal heart function, types of diseases, symptoms, and treatment options.

Normal heart function

The normal heart is a strong, hard-working pump made of muscle tissue, about the size of a fist.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease.

Atherosclerosis

A condition where plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow.

Myocardial infarction

A defined area of necrosis (cell death) caused by local ischemia, often due to acute coronary thrombosis.

Angina pectoris

The most common symptom of coronary artery disease, characterized by intermittent chest pain due to reversible myocardial ischemia.

Heart failure

A condition where the heart is not pumping enough blood to meet the body's needs.

Stroke

A condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off, leading to loss of functions in that area.

Vasoconstriction

The narrowing of blood vessels, used by the body to redirect blood flow to essential areas.

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow to certain areas of the body.

Treatment for cardiovascular disease

Includes lifestyle changes, medications such as beta-blockers and statins, and surgical operations like coronary artery bypass.