Week 2 (Kinesiology)

What is the plane of the vertical axis?

Transverse Plane

What is the plane of the sagittal axis?

Frontal Plane

What is the plane of the frontal axis?

Sagittal Plane

Define compression

joint surfaces are pushed closer together

Define traction

joint distraction in which the joint surfaces pull apart from one another

Define shearing

a gliding motion in which the joint surfaces move parallel to one another

Concave

“caved in”

Convex

Rounded outward

Saddle shaped

each joint surface is concave in one direction and convex in another

Define arthrokinematics

The manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move one each other during osteokinematic joint movement

Define roll

new points on each surface come into contact throughout the motion

Define glide

a linear movement of a joint surface parallel to the plane adjoining surface; the same point on moving joint surface contacts new points on the stationary surface

Define spin

same point on each surface remains in contact with each other; rotation of the moveable joint surface on the fixed ac

Moving convex on fixed concave (concave-convex rule)

Movement go on opposite directions

Moving concave on fixed convex (concave-convex rule)

Movement goes on the same direction

Rule of Arthrokinematics

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

AROM (Active Range of Motion)

Joints move through ROM as a result of active muscle contraction

PROM (Passive Range of Motion)

When an external source, such as a clinician,
moves somebody limb though ROM. This motion is considered
passive as the movement is not a result of active muscle contraction.

Soft (Boggy) End Fell

Resistance to ROM is felt due to soft tissue approximation or edema

Firm End Feel

Resistance to ROM is felt due to stretching of muscle, capsule, ligaments or fascia.

Hard

Bony rock to ROM is felt

Close Packed Position (Congruent)

Joint surfaces have maximum contact with each other, are tightly compressed, and are difficult to distract (separate). The ligaments
and capsule holding the joint together are taut. This is known as the close-packed, or closed-pack, position.

It usually occurs at one extreme of the ROM. The joint is often in this position when injuries occur.When a joint is swollen, it cannot be moved into the close-packed position.

Open-Packed Position (Incongruent)

The position of maximum incongruence is called the _____ or loose-packed position. It is also referred to as the resting position. Parts
of the capsule and supporting ligaments are lax. There is minimal congruency between the articular surfaces

Insertion

The attachment point of the tendon on the moveable bone. Further from
the trunk on the appendicular skeleton.

Origin

The attachment point of the tendon on the stabilized bone. Closer to the
trunk on the appendicular skeleton.

Parallel muscle

fibers tend to be longer and thus have a greater potential for shortening and producing more range of motion

Strap

Long and thin with fibers running the entire length of the muscle

Fusiform

Wider in the middle and tapers at both ends where it attaches to tendons

Triangular

flat and fan shaped, with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachment at the other

Oblique muscle

fibers tend to be shorter but are more numerous per given area than parallel fibers, which means they tend to have a greater strength potential but a smaller range of motion potential

Unipennate

series of short fibers attaching diagonally along the length of a central tendon

Biepennate

looks like that of a common feather; its fibers are obliquely attached to both sides of a central tendon

Multipennate

many tendons with oblique fibers in between