Issues of good and evil notes flashcards

Who was Aristotle and what did he believe about morality?

An ancient Greek philosopher who believed in absolute morality, emphasizing the development of virtues such as bravery, kindness, and generosity.

What is conscience according to the notes?

The voice of God within each individual that gives a moral sense of right and wrong, which must be educated through prayer, scripture, and experience.

List the five aims of punishment.

1. Protection 2. Retribution 3. Deterrence 4. Reformation 5. Vindication 6. Reparation.

Who was Elizabeth Fry and what did she advocate for?

An 18th-century Quaker who worked to improve the British prison system, advocating for education and reformation of prisoners.

What conditions did John Howard advocate for in prisons?

Clean running water, separate cells for men and women, access to doctors, and a greater number of prison officers.

What is the primary role of Prison Chaplains?

To provide pastoral care for prisoners, including counseling and support for rehabilitation and reentry into society.

Name two arguments in favor of capital punishment.

1. Protection of society 2. Deterrence of future crime.

Name two arguments against capital punishment.

1. Right to life is a human right 2. Evidence suggests it does not deter crime.

What do Liberal Christians say about capital punishment?

They cite 'Thou shall not kill', Exodus 20:13, and emphasize forgiveness and the dignity of life.

What is Catholic teaching on capital punishment?

Traditionally allowed but not encouraged; must be certain of identity, and Pope John Paul II advocated for non-lethal means.

What is the general Islamic view on the death penalty?

Most Muslims agree it can be justified in cases of murder, but it must be applied justly and fairly.

Define 'natural evil' and give an example.

Natural disasters humans have no control over, such as earthquakes or tsunamis.

Define 'moral evil' and give an example.

Acts of humans considered morally wrong, such as murder and theft.

What is the inconsistent triad regarding God and evil?

The belief that God cannot be all-powerful and all-loving while evil exists.

What is Irenaean Theodicy?

It suggests that God made humans imperfect, allowing for free will and the chance to grow through suffering.

What does Hick contribute to the understanding of human imperfection?

He believes that hardships help individuals develop virtues, which are more meaningful than innate perfection.

What does the Bible say about the nature of humanity in relation to evil?

It suggests that 'The intent of a man’s heart is evil from his youth' - Genesis 8:21.

How do Muslims perceive life in relation to evil and suffering?

Life is a test from Allah, and enduring evil prepares them for paradise.

What is the significance of free will in Christianity?

Free will is God-given, crucial for moral being, and individuals are accountable for their actions.

What is the Sunni belief regarding the Preserved Tablet?

It is a heavenly record containing all that has happened and will happen, reflecting the concept of predestination in Islam.

What is the Shi’a belief in Bada?

The belief that divine decree can change in response to new circumstances, as stated in the Qur'an.

What does forgiveness entail according to Christian teachings?

Confession, reconciliation, and penance, acknowledging sins and moving forward in harmony.

How does the parable of the unmerciful servant illustrate forgiveness?

It teaches that we must forgive others to be forgiven ourselves without limits.

What does the parable of the prodigal son teach about forgiveness?

It exemplifies forgiving despite wrongdoing and emphasizes unconditional love.

What was Gee Walker's perspective on forgiveness?

She forgave her son's killers based on her Christian faith, stating that unforgiveness makes one a victim.

What is the second type of forgiveness in Islam?

It distinguishes between God's forgiveness and human forgiveness, promoting peace.

What biblical quote emphasizes the importance of forgiving others?

'Forgive and you will be forgiven' - Luke 6:37.

What does the Qur'an state about those who forgive others?

They will be rewarded by God and forgiveness is the path to peace.

What is one main function of a Prison Chaplain?

To help support the rehabilitation of prisoners.

What were the two main criticisms against the implementation of Capital Punishment discussed in the notes?

1. It can lead to wrongful convictions 2. It is often considered as expensive.