Gram Negative Bacteria

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7 Terms

1

Gram Negative Unique Features

red/pink, endotoxin/LPS, outer membrane & inner membrane

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2

E. Coli 

Gram Stain: Red/Pink

Shape: Rods/Bacilli

Clinical Manifestations:

  • Gastroenteritis (diarrhea)

  • Neonatal Meningitis 

  • UTIs (causes >80% of all UTIs) → usually we pee out E. Coli but some persist in the bladder if P-pili on bacteria binds gal-gal receptor in bladder so when it contracts it is not pushed out and immune response (WBCs) causes the irritation

    Toxins:

  • ENDOtoxin = LPS → sepsis 

  • EXOtoxins: 

    • Cholera Toxin = Traveler’s Diarrhea (watery diarrhea) → ETEC → stimulates adenylate cyclase which secretes electrolytes to bowel lumen & water follows

    • Shiga Toxin = Bloody Diarrhea (0157:H7) & Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome → EHEC → targets tRNA, disrupts protein synthesis = cell death and blood released

Notes: Fast Growth (20-30 min doubling time); Normal gut flora

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3

Salmonella

Gram Stain: Red/Pink

Shape: Rods/Bacilli

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4

Pseudomonas

Gram Stain: Red/Pink

Shape: Rods/Bacilli

Clinical Manifestations:

  • Burn/Wound Infections

  • Lungs in Cystic Fibrosis patients 

  • Otitis Externa (swimmers ear) 

  • UTI w/ catheter

Toxins:

  • ENDOtoxin = LPS → sepsis → Ecthyma Gangrenosum (a rare skin infection that causes rapidly progressing lesions that lead to necrotic ulcers)

  • EXOtoxin A = cell death (halts protein synthesis via ADP ribosylation of EF-2 which is part of translation)

Notes: CGD patients are susceptible b/c it is Catalase +; From Environment; Fast growth; Biofilm formation (antibiotic choice based on this); Green color b/c it produces pyocyanin

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5

Haemophilus

Gram Stain: Red/Pink

Shape: Rods/Coccobacilli

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6

Neisseria

Gram Stain: Red/Pink

Shape: Diplococci

Types: N gonorrhoeae & N meningitidis

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7

Campylobacter

Gram Stain: Red/Pink

Shape: Curved Rods/Vibrio

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