Latin America Final Presentation Questions

(Nicaragua) Nicaragua is the only Latin American Country to be colonized by both the Spanish and the….?

British

(Nicaragua) Which of the following factors contributed most significantly to Nicaragua’s economic struggles in the 1980s?

The economic impact of the revolution, heavy public spending, and a U.S. trade embargo

(Nicaragua) What is the Nicaragua commonly referred to as due to its natural geography?

The land of lake and volcanoes

(Nicaragua) Who led the Guerrillas military campaign against the U.S. troops in 1927?

Agusto Cesar Sandino

(Nicaragua) Which family took control of Nicaragua during much of the 20th century?

Somoza family

(Nicaragua) Who is the current president/dictator of Nicaragua?

Daniel Ortega

(Panama) The driving force behind the first attempt to build a canal was?

Ferdinand de Lesseps

(Panama) What was the treaty that gave the U.S. a 100-year lease on the Canal Zone?

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

(Panama) Arnulfo Arias’ nationalist slogan that he used to great effect?

Panama for Panamanians

(Panama) What was used to subjugate and eliminate protentional threats for Manual Noriega?

The Panama Defense Force

(Panama) True or False: The Panamanian President who oversaw the turnover of the Panama Canal was Ricardo Martinelli?

Flase

(Brazil) Who did Brazil declare independence from?

From Portugal September 7, 1822

(Brazil) What was the abolition of slavery in Brazil achieved by?

With the “Golden Law” in 1888

(Brazil) Who overthrew the oligarch government and began the modernization of Brazil in the 1930 revolution?

Getulio Varga

(Brazil)What was the period of rapid economic growth Brazil from 1968 to 1973?

Brazilian Miracle

(Brazil) What is important about Brazil’s 1988 Constitution?

It enshrines civil liberties

(Brazil) Who becomes Brazil’s first female President?

Dilma Rousseff

(Honduras) Honduras’ largest exported good in the 20th century were?

Bananas

(Honduras) The term “Banana Republic” refers to?

A nation run by corporate elitists for commercial gain

(Argentina) Who was Juan Domingo Peron?

A president of Argentina who gained power through a military coup

(Argentina) How did Juan Domingo Peron gain power?

Through a military coup staged by the United Officer’s Group

(Argentina) The descamisados meaning “shirtless ones” were who supported Juan Domingo Peron?

Urban or lower class

(Argentina) Who was the female head of state in the Americas?

Maria Estela Martinez De Peron

(Argentina) How many military coups occurred in Argentina in the 46-year period from 1930-1976 known as the National Reorganization Process?

7

(Argentina) List one of the five main exports of Argentina today:

Soybean meal

Corn

Trucks

Soybean Oil

Crude Petroleum

(Guatemala) What occurred in 1821?

Annexed itself to the Mexican Empire under Agustin de Iturbide

(Guatemala) What would Guatemala experience throughout the 20th century?

Political Instability, dictatorships; coups; civil war

(Guatemala) Who were Manuel Estrada Cabreera and General Jore Ubico?

The elite ideal

(Guatemala) What did La Violencia commonly refer to?

the violence (3 year massacre)

(Guatemala) What were “Death Squads”?

Private death squads, they would raid cities hired by wealthy landowners

(Guatemala) What is Feminicide?

An intentional killing with a gender related motivation

(Guatemala) What did the COVID-19 Confinement cause for women in Guatemala?

Domestic Violence Increased

(Jamaica) What is the Jamaican motto?

Out of many, One People

(Jamaica) What is the native religion of Jamaica with ties to African spirituality?

Rastafarian

(Jamaica) What metal is the most exported metal for Jamaica’s economy?

Aluminum

(Jamaica) What central figure is responsible for many of Jamaica’s reforms including its independence?

Alexander Bustamante

(Jamaica) Who is the current Jamaican Prime Minister?

Andrew Holness

(Peru) When did Spain recognize Peru’s Independence?

1879

(Peru) What resources was Peru known for in the 19th century?

Guano

(Peru) Who stabilized the economy in the 1990s with neo-liberals reforms?

President Alberto Fujimori

(Peru) Which costal dance symbolizes courtship, incorporating African, indigenous, and Spanish elements?

Marinera

(Venezuela) Who declared independence from the republic of Colombia, and served as the first president?

Jose Antonio Paez

(Venezuela) What happened to Venezuela’s oil industry in the 1970s?

President Carlos Andres Perez nationalized oil and created an economic boom!

(Venezuela) What did Hugo Chavez promise to gain favor with the people?

Eliminate corruption, give aid to the poor, and size down the elites

(Venezuela) Hugo Chavez based a lot of his rule and political strategy off of, which independence leader?

Simon Bolivar!

(Venezuela) Many Venezuelans are fleeing the country under the rule of who? Why?

Nicolas Maduro; shortage of basic necessities and health care

(Paraguay) Who did Paraguay battle in the Chaco War?

Bolivia

(Paraguay) What was not the reason for the Chaco War?

Precious metals

(Paraguay) What president was a dictator who took away indiviuals’s civil liberties?

Higinio Morinigo

(Paraguay) How did the Rio conference and result of World War 2 affect Paraguay?

• Weakened Paraguay alliance with Nazi Germany

• Partial restoration of Civil Liberties

• Allowed Political Exiles to return

(Paraguay) Who was the only President to be impeached for being deemed responsible for the 17 deaths from the violent conflict between peasant farmers with the Paraguayan police and Class division?

Ferando Lugo

(Paraguay) Who led Paraguay into the triple alliance war against Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil?

Francisco Solana Lopez

(Colombia) What was the longest lasting constitution of Colombia?

The Constitution of 1886

(Colombia) What Colombian Constitution led to the seceding of both Ecuador and Venezuela?

The Cucuta Constitution of 1826

(Colombia) What led to the rise of armed forced in Colombia?

Poverty, inequality and unfair land distribution

(Colombia) What is the name of the most prominent armed group?

Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia or the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia also known as FARC