Quiz Insect Bio 1 Part 1

Taxonomy

The science of classifying living things

Phylogenetics

The study of evolutionary relationships between species and the history of organisms as they change through time

Monophyletic group

contains a last common ancestor and all of its descendants

Paraphyletic group

contains a last common ancestor but not all of its descendants

Polyphyletic group

is a group of organisms that do not share a recent common ancestor

Taxonomy of insects (give order)

Domain: Eukaryote, Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Arthropoda (subphylum: hexapoda), Class: Insecta, Order: theres many

Arthropoda characterisitcs

exoskeleton, segmented body, & jointed appendages

Hexapod characteristics

includes all insects and entognathous hexapods.

They are defined by 3 tagma (head, thorax, abdomen), 3 pairs of thoracic legs

Hexapod anatomy

1. Head

2. Thorax

• prothorax - 1 pair of legs, 1 pair of wings

• metathorax - 1 pair of legs, 1 pair of wings

• mesothorax - 1 pair of legs

3. Abdomen

Class Insecta Characteristics

Defined by external mouthparts

Entognathous hexapods orders:

Protura, collembola, diplura

What is a close relative to insects but not considered insects

Class Entognatha

define Entognathous hexapods name

“sunken mouthparts” “6 legs”

defining feature of entognathous hexapods

All are ametabolous: no metamorphosis

*immature stages look like adults

*evolutionary primitive orders

*Primitively wingless

*Internal mouthparths located inside the head capsule

*lack wax layer in cuticle

*All Entognathous hexapods can be collected using a Berlese funnel

Ametabolous

eggs —> juveniles —> adults

Hemimetabolous

eggs —> nymphs —> adults

Holometabolous

egg —> larvae —> pupae —> adult

define Protura name

“first tail”

Protura common name

coneheads

Protura characteristics

no eyes

no antennae

no pigmentation

no wings

no cerci/terminal filament

cone-shaped head

forelegs as antennae

very small - under 2 mm

Where is protura found?

in moist environments like lead litter, soil, & moss

What does protura eat

decaying plants and fungi

How do you curate protura properly?

preserve adults & immatures in 70% ethanol

Collembola name definition

glue peg

Collembola common name

Spring tails

Collembola characteristics

• collophore: peg-like structure on the first abdominal segment that helps with water regulation

• many have furcula: a tail-like appendage used for jumping

• small eyes or eyeless

• smaller than 6mm

Where is collembola found?

moist environments: lead litter, soil, moss

What is collembola eating habits

ominivorous & detrivorous

How do you preserve collembola?

preserve immatures and adults in 70% Ethanol

What shapes can collembola be?

Globular or elongate

Define Diplura name

two tail

Diplura common name

two prolonged bristletails

Diplura characterization

• well developed cerci (“tails”)

• long (bead-like) antennae

• no pigmentation

• no eyes

What types of cerci does diplura have?

• pincer-like

• long and filamentous (thread-like)

size of diplura

7-10mm

Where is Diplura found?

in moist environments: leaf litter, soil, moss

Diplura eating habits?

herbivorous or carnivorous, also detritovores

How can diplura be preserved?

preserve immatures and adults in 70% EtOH

Berlese funnels

used to collect arthropods from soil and lead litter samples

1) samples are placed into a large funnel that empties into a collecting pot with ethanol

2) A light source is added to top of the funnel shining onto the samples, the insects don’t like the light/heat, crawl away, and fall into the pot with ethanol