Unit 4: Muscles and Blood Vessels of Head and Neck

What are all of the facial expression muscles?

Frontalis, Occipitalis, Orbicularis Oculi, Orbicularis Oris, Buccinator, Platysma

What are all of the facial expression muscles innervated by?

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

What are the five branches of the facial nerve? (superior to inferior)

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal Mandibular, Cervical

Identify

Frontalis Muscle

Actions of frontalis muscle

Draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows, and wrinkles forehead

Identify

Occipitalis Muscle

Actions of occipitalis muscle

Draws scalp posteriorly

Where do you inject botox?

Frontalis and occipitalis muscles

What connects frontalis and occipitalis muscles?

Epicranial Aponeurosis (tendon)

Identify

Orbicularis oculi muscle

Action of orbicularis oculi muscle

Closes the eye

Identify

Orbicularis Oris muscle

Action of orbicularis oris muscle

Closes lips

Identify

Buccinator Muscle

Action of buccinator muscle

Presses teeth against cheek

Identify

Platysma Muscle

Action of platysma muscle

Tenses skin of neck

What are the muscles of mastication?

Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid, Lateral Pterygoid

What innervates all of the muscles of mastication?

Cranial Nerve V3 (Mandibular branch of trigeminal)

Identify

Masseter Muscle

Action of masseter muscle

Elevates mandible

Identify

Temporalis Muscle

Action of temporalis muscle

Elevates and retracts mandible

Action of Medial pterygoid muscle

Elevates, protracts, and moves mandible side to side

Action of lateral pterygoid muscle

Depresses, protracts, and moves mandible side to side

What are the neck muscles?

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid muscles

What innervates all of the neck muscles?

Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)

Identify

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Action of sternocleidomastoid muscle

Bilaterally: flexes head and neck; Unilaterally: rotates head to opposite side of muscle contraction

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Mylohyoid, Digastric, Stylohyoid, Geniohyoid

Where are all the suprahyoid muscles located?

Superior to hyoid bone

What do all the suprahyoid muscles do?

Elevate the hyoid bone

Identify

Mylohyoid Muscle

Identify, which belly is which

Digastric Muscle, under chin is anterior, other is posterior belly

Identify, it is superior to which muscle’s tendon?

Stylohyoid muscle, digastric muscle

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Sternohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid

Where are all the infrahyoid muscles located?

Inferior to hyoid bone

What action do all the infrahyoid muscles do?

Depress the hyoid bone

Which infrahyoid muscles are deep?

Sternothyroid and Thyrohyoid muscles

Identify

Sternohyoid Muscle

Identify, which belly is which

Omohyoid, superior belly is higher than inferior belly

Identify

Sternothyroid muscle

Identify

Thyrohyoid muscle

Identify

Ascending aorta

Identify

Arch of aorta

Identify

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Identify

Subclavian artery

Identify

Common Carotid Artery

Identify

Internal Carotid Artery

Identify

External Carotid Artery

Identify

Internal Jugular Vein

Identify

Subclavian Vein

Identify

Brachiocephalic Vein

Identify

Superior Vena Cava

How do you tell the difference between internal and external carotid arteries?

Internal has no branches, external has many branches, external stays more anterior than internal

What forms anterior circulation of brain? Posterior circulation?

Internal Carotid Artery, Vertebral artery

How to tell the difference between internal and external jugular vein?

External jugular vein is superficial to sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein is deep