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9.1 Notes ( answer with “9.1” )
9.1
What are the three factors that contribute to variety of food consumption?
Development of Country
Physical Condition of Country
Cultural Preference
What is food taboo?
Cultural restrictions imposed by religious law or social customs.
What food/s can devout muslims not eat?
Pork & Alcohol
What food/s can devout jews not eat?
Pork
What food/s can devout hindu not eat?
Beef
What food/s can very devout catholics not eat?
Meat ( on fridays )
How much kcals do humans need?
1844 kcal/day
How much kcals do humans eat on average? ( worldwide )
2902 kcal/day
How much kcals do Americans eat?
3800 kcal/day
How much kcals do people in LDCs eat? ( on average, duh )
2800 kcal/day
How many kcals do people in Sub-Saharan Africa eat?
2,400 kcal/day
Where is malnutrition occuring?
Horn of Africa & The Sahel
Where is the Sahel?
The transition area between The Sahara & and the rest of Africa.
What countries are in the Horn of Africa?
Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Djibouti
What is food security?
Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe & nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary and food preferences for a healthy life.
How much of the world does not have food security?
10%
What is undernourishment?
Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life & carrying out light physical activity.
What percentages of their income do MDCs and LDCs spend on food?
MDC - Spends <20% of their income on food.
LDC - Spends 20-30% of income on food.
What percentage of their income do people in Sub-Saharan Africa spend on food?
More than 40%.
What are the five reasons global food prices have doubled since 2000?
Poor weather in crop growing areas
Higher demand for food
Slowing growth in productivity of food production
Crops used for biofuels
Increasing price of farmland
What is the most common source of calories?
Cereal grains.
What ares eat rice as their source of calories?
South and South-East Asia.
What areas eat corn/maize as their source of calories?
North America, South America, East Africa
What areas eat wheat as their source of calories?
Europe, North America, South America
In MDCs, how much protein consumption is from meat?
33%
In LDCs, how much protein consumption is from meat?
10%
In LDCs, how much protein consumption is from cereal grains?
50%
Study Guide Issue One ( answer with ‘9.1’ )
9.1
Why are a large percentage of Africans below the recommended Dietary Energy Consumption despite increased food production?
Population growth has followed the increased food production.
Why is famine still a threat in the Horn of Africa?
The animals overgrazed the limited vegetation and clustered at scarce water sources due to overplanting by farmers ( because of rapid population growth ), which increased herd size beyond capacity of the land.
What are the top six of the Dirty Dozen?
- Strawberries, Spinach, (Kale Collard & Mustard Greens), Peaches, Pears, Nectarines,
What are the top six of the Clean Fifteen?
- Avocado, Sweet Corn, Pineapple, Onion, Papaya, Frozen Sweet Peas.
Which two countries are not in Africa that have undernourished people?
North Korea & Haiti
Which regions have seen an increase in undernourished people since 1993?
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southwest Asia & North Africa
Why are prices lower in developed countries?
Fierce competition between supermarkets.
What is the leading source of protein in developed and developing countries? How much of protein consumption is meat in either countries?
Developed - Meat ( Beef, Pork, Poultry )
Developing - Cereal Grains.
Developing - 1/3 is meat.
Developing - 1/10 in meat.
9.2 Notes ( answer with “9.2” )
9.2
Describe the timeline of food production.
Pre-Agriculture Food Production - Hunting and gathering
10,000 B.C.E.
First Agricultural Revolution - Domestication of plants and animals.
1850 C.E.
Second Agricultural Revolution - Use of machines in farming.
1950 C.E.
Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution) - Use of chemicals in farming.
Fill in the blank
A hunter-gatherer society supports a ______ group of plants and animals. It produces a ______ amount of calories and protein, and supports _____ groups of people. It requires groups to _____ frequently.
diverse, small, small, relocate.
What are the main foods produced in a hunter-gatherer society?
Gathering of wild fruits and berries ( kcals )
Hunting game or fishing ( protein )
Fill in the blank
In a First Agricultural Revolution society, it supports only plants and animals that are used by _____. It produces _____ amounts of calories and protein. it supports _____ groups of people. It requires groups to be _____ .
humans, large, large, sedentary ( to stay in one place )
What are the main foods produced in a First Agricultural Revolution society?
Rice, wheat, corn, ( kcals)
Domesticated cows, goats, sheep, pigs, & chickens ( proteins )
What are origins of wheat, rice, sorghum, and maize?
Wheat - Southwest Asia
Rice - East Asia
Sorghum - Africa
Maize - Americas
What are origins of dog, cattle, goats, sheep, camels, horses, donkeys, chicken, pigs, cats, llamas, and turkeys?
Dog, cattle, goats, sheep, camel, horses, donkeys - Southwest Asia
Chicken, pig - East Asia
Cat - Africa
Llamas, turkeys - Americas
When were cats and dogs domesticated?
Dogs domesticated before First Agricultural Revolution.
Cats domesticated after First Agricultural Revolution.
List all domesticated service animals.
Dogs, Cats, & Horses.
List the order of the domestication of animals.
Dogs, Sheep, Goat, Cow & Pig, Cat, Humped Cow, Llama, Horse, Alpaca, Camel (Two-Humped), Chicken, Camel (One-Humped), Turkey, Duck.
What is the Fertile Crescent?
The area of the world where the most domesticated animals and plants originate from.
It produced enough food to support huge populations.
What is the Sedentary Farmer Thesis?
This idea believes that the language was spread by the dominant use of agriculture when other cultures were still hunting and gathering. ( Hearth was in modern Turkey, and spread north to europe and east to asia. )
Where were the most nutritious foods found?
The Fertile Crescent.
What caused the second agricultural revolution?
The Industrial Revolution.
How did the Industrial Revolution increased food production?
Machinery invented during the Industrial Revolution increased food production.
Describe the important machinery created by the Industrial Revolution.
Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill (1701) -
sows seeds for crops and burieds them to a specific depth.
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin (1794) -
quickly and easily seperates cotton fibers from their seeds.
McCormick Reaper (1834) -
cuts and gathers crops at harvest when they are ripe.
Describe the crop rotation created by the Second Agricultural Revolution.
Two-field Rotation -
A - Grain, B - Fallow
Three-field Rotation -
A - Winter Grain, B - Spring Grain, C - Fallow
Four-field Rotation -
A - Winter Grain, B - Spring Grain, C - Root Crop, D - Rest Crop
What happened during the Third Agricultural Revolution (The Green Revolution)?
Development of more productive seeds.
Use of Chemicals
Petroleum based fertilizers
Herbicides/Pesticides
Who is Norman Borlaug?
A U of MN graduate who developed the modern wheat varietal.
What is Agri-Business?
Huge farms/feedlots that industrialized food production.
A factory system for food production.
Study Guide Issue Two ( Answer with “9.2” )
9.2
What is significant about the hearth of Southwest Asia?
Where most of the animals were domesticated
Where many nutritious crops were domesticated
From this hearth, cultivation spread west to Europe, & east to Central Asia
What are the THREE features that distinguish commercial agriculture from subsistence agriculture
Percentage of farmers in the labor force
Use of machinery
Farm size
What is the difference between the tools that are used for subsistence agriculture, and the tools used for commercial agriculture?
Subsistence - Hand tools; Human/Animal Dependency
Commercial - Machinery; Machine Dependency
Why is agricultural land use going down in the United States since the turn of the century?
Expansion of Urban Areas.
9.3.1 Notes ( Answer with “9.3.1” )
Note - If you’re looking to memorize facts about the 11 types of agriculture, I have a seperate flashcard deck for that (cadendough.carrd.co). This is just the general info from the first few slides :-)
9.3.1
How many regions can agriculture be divided into? How many subsidence & commercial regions?
11; 5 subsidence & 6 commercial regions.
In LDCs, how much of the population are agricultural workers?
50%
In LDCs, is mechanized food production or manual labor uncommon?
Mechanized food production.
How does the reason for food production differ in Subsistence & Commercial agriculture?
Subsistence is for eating (like the person who grows it, eats it)
Commercial is for selling
How does variety in food production differ in Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture?
In subsistence agriculture, they usually grow a variety of crops. ( like if youre gonna eat what youre gowing youre not just gonna eat carrots forever you need variety in your diet )
In commercial agriculture, they usually stick to one crop.
How does farm size differ between Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture?
In subsistence agriculture, it’s typically small family farms.
In commercial agriculture, it’s bigger farms.
What role do women and children play in Subsistence agriculture?
They are unpaid farm laborers.
Where is subsistence agriculture found?
Exclusively in LDCs.
What might commercial farms be owned by?
Agribusinesses.
Where is commercial agriculture found?
MDCs & LDCs
9.3.2 Notes ( Answer with “9.3.2” )
Note - If you’re looking to memorize facts about the 11 types of agriculture, I have a seperate flashcard deck for that (cadendough.carrd.co). Also 9.3.2 is just those agricultures so im moving on to 9.3.3 :-)
9.3.2
9.3.3 Notes ( Answer with “9.3.3” )
9.3.3
Name the order of the Von Thunen Model.
Market
Dairy & Commercial Gardening
Forestry
Grain
Ranching
What are the three things the Von Thunen Model are based on?
Shelf-life of the product (perishability)
The bulk or weight of the product.
The amount of space needed for the type of agriculture.
Describe “The Market” in the Von Thunen Model.
A city or large population center.
What is the “Dairy and Commercial Gardening" ring equivalent to in the Von Thunen Model?
A milkshed
Why is the “Dairy and Commercial Gardening" where it is in the Von Thunen Model?
Because it has the most perishable products.
Why is the “Forestry" where it is in the Von Thunen Model?
It has the heaviest products, so it must be near the market.
It's the primary source of energy and is needed daily ( former )
Why is the “Grain Farming" where it is in the Von Thunen Model?
The least perishable products.
A lot of space is required to farm.
Suitable for low population densities, so it doesn’t need to be near the market (with high pop. density).
Why is the “Ranching" where it is in the Von Thunen Model?
Needs the most space.
Most suitable for low population densities, so it doesn’t need to be near the market (with high pop. density).
Least arable lands.
How well does Von Thunen predict agricultural activity in MDCs & LDCs in the 21st Century.
MDCs - does NOT predict well
LDCs - DOES predict. ( not very well, but is generally okay )
What are the three reasons Von Thunen does not predict locations of agricultural activity well in MDCs?
Obsolete Products
Perishability
Transportation
Why is firewood obsolete in MDCs?
Because it’s no longer the energy of choice.
How has perishability changed since the creation of Von Thunen’s Model in MDCs?
In MDCs, refrigeration allows dairy and commercial gardening to be located far away from the market center.
How has transportation changed since the creation of Von Thunen’s Model in MDCs?
The improvement of transportation has allowed products to be produced “independent of location”.
What are the three reasons Von Thunen is better for predicting agricultural activity in LDCs?
Firewood is still used in many LDCs
Refrigeration is expensive
Most LDCs don’t have adequate transportation systems.
9.4 Notes ( Answer with “9.4” )
9.4
Exporters are most similar to…
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Importers
A. Producers
Importers are most similar to…
A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Exporters
B. Consumers
Generally, food moves from the ___ hemisphere to the ___ hemisphere.
Western (Americas) ; Eastern (Asia)
What country is the largest importer of food?
Japan
Which two countries are the largest exporters of food?
Brazil & Argentina.
What drug/drugs is/are the Coca Leaf used to manufacture?
Cocaine.
What drug/drugs is/are the Poppy Plant used to manufacture?
Opium and heroin
What are the source LDCs and destinations of the Coca Leaf plant?
Coca Leaf Plant
Source LDCs - Colombia, Peru, Bolivia
Destination : MDCs
What are the source LDCs and destinations of the Poppy Plant?
Poppy Plant
Source LDCs - Afghanistan, Myanmar, Laos
Destination : MDCs
Note
Flashcard