Chapter 4 vocab science

Nucleus

organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contain hereditary material made of protein and DNA

Mitosis

cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps

Chromosome

structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains hereditary material

Asexual reproduction

A type of reproduction—fission, budding, and regeneration—in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism

Organism

Any living things; uses energy, is made of cells, reproduces,responds,grows,and develops

Sexual reproduction

A type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg or a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity

Sperm

Haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organ

Egg

Haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs

Fertilization

In sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg

Zygote

New diploid cell formed when a cell formed when a sperm fertilizes and egg; will divide by mitosis and develop into a new organism

Diploid

cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs

Haploid

Cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Meiosis

Reproductive process that takes up space and is made up of different kinds of atoms; includes all things that can be seen, tasted, smelled or touched but does not include heat, sound, or light

Hereditary

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases

Gene

Section DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins

RNA

Ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Mutation

Any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism