What is cultural competency and why is it important?
cultural competency is the ability to interact freely and effectively with people of different cultures
\ It is important, because Health care workers need to be aware of, and sensitive to, cultural diversity, life situations. This in turn makes them better professionals
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Identify the difference between cultural competence and cultural competency
Competence is the ability to deliver effective medical care to people from different cultures.
\ Competency is the ability to interact freely and effectively with people of different cultures
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How can a healthcare worker be more culturally competent?
They can understand the cultural differences of America's diverse population and examine their own beliefs to best apply that to their care
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What are the 11 areas of potential conflict?
Wellness and Health Prevention, touch and Physical Space, Communication, General Procedures, Dietary Needs, Spirituality, Death, Medications, Pregnancy, Pain Management, other
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General Procedures cultural implications
ex. Removing clothing to put on gown can be difficult so healthcare workers must be sensitive to this, always announce arrival when entering a room
\ ex. Some cultures fear invasive procedures
Hmong people fear with surgical incision, the soul may become frightened and leave the body
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Age
children and older adults may not be able to properly communicate symptoms
different health needs in young and old
don't make assumptions about patient based on age alone
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Perceptions of Time
some cultures may not think about the future or future medical implications, it is the job of the practitioner to remind them
\ Patients may not be able to easily recognize clock time, healthcare workers should accommodate with color or time of day
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What is culture
Set of values, beliefs, attitudes, languages, symbols, rituals, behaviors, and customs of a group of people, Learned and shared, Dynamic and changing
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Ethnicity
Classification of people based on national origin or culture
\ common examples include African American, Asian American, European American etc.
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Race
Classification of people based on physical or biological characteristics. It involves multiple cultures and ethnic groups
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What are the types of personal beliefs?
social beliefs, religious beliefs, cultural beliefs, and personal convictions
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What are the 11 areas of cultural implications within healthcare?
Wellness and Health Prevention, cultural implications
ex. In American culture, there is more healthy living, and disease prevention
\ ex. in other cultures such as American Indian, weight gain is seen as normal so dieting is seen as pointless
\ ex. Some cultures do not like vaccines and others value it
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Touch and physical space cultural implications
touch and Physical Space cultural implications
some cultures respect close contact but others view it as invasive
\ ex. Muslim women cannot be touched by men who aren't immediate family members.
\ Personal distance varies, so be alert to + and – signs that tell whether the patient is comfortable with the amount of space allowed
\ The Healthcare worker should do what the patient is most comfortable with
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Communication cultural implications
language barriers affect our ability to communicate
\ ex. Some cultures do not like discussing sexual activity while other cultures are more open to it
\ ex. Matriarchal Vs. Patriarchal societies, oldest female or male making all the decisions
\ ex. In some cultures the woman must look to the man to speak
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Dietary needs cultural implications
\n All attempts should be made to work around a patient's diet and accommodate nutritional requests because food may have ethnic and religious implications
\ always explain to the patient why certain foods should be avoided, and try your best to also work around the fasting schedules of patients
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Spirituality Cultural Implications
For many patients, the spiritual component gives them the mindset needed to heal. Beliefs of the patient should not be judged and if the patient needs assistance the professional should provide care.
\ Allow privacy during prayer and try to use the correct terminology when referring to this.
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Death cultural implications
some cultures welcome death and believe in the afterlife, others do not. Rituals surrounding death should be followed to the best of their ability
\ ex. Muslim patient's heads should be turned to face Mecca
\ ex. Japanese families would not prefer to be in the same room as the patient while Mexican families would prefer it
\ *Some cultures believe that suicide brings shame on the family and in other cultures it may be strictly forbidden, so family members may refuse to listen to any information regarding a suicide*
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Medications cultural implications
actions and side effects of medicine may vary based on the ethnicity of the patient
\ ex. *Women from Islamic and African countries with vaginal yeast infections prefer oral drugs to vaginally inserted medications*
\ ex. *Latin Americans prefer injections over oral medications, they perceive oral medications as less effective*
\ Health care professionals should try their best to work medications around fasts and rituals
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Pregnancy cultural implications
The involvement of male partners in prenatal care may vary from culture to culture, ex. in North Africa it is encouraged
\ Some cultures have post delivery placenta rituals which can go from consuming the placenta, to burying it in the ground
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Pain management cultural implications
Some patients refuse to admit pain, as they believe it is a sign from god that a demon has entered their body
\ other cultures see pain as a symptom of illness, while some may see it as a symptom of weakness
\ Healthcare workers should always respect and listen to the patient, especially in the case of pain. They should be patient and recognize the cultural implications
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Other cultural implications
refusal to give or receive blood transfusions
refusal to donate or receive organ donations
refusal to place older people in nursing homes, despite inadequate care at home
fertility control
mental illness
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Socieoeconomic factors
Family income affects health & access to health care
Upper-income groups live longer & have fewer disabilities
Poverty often leads to inadequate care of infants & children
Poor housing conditions affect health
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Complementary or alternative medicine
Healing through: Nutrition, Exercise, Relaxation
Emphasis on preventive medicine
Often borrowed from the practice of ethnic or cultural groups
\ Keep all opinions and biases to yourself and consider prescribed medication when patient takes any herbal remedies
\ Other types of alternative medicine include Cutaneous stimulation, Therapeutic touch, Acupuncture, Acupressure
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