LABMAN LESSON UNO

BALIW

CLASSIFICATION BY OWNERSHIP

GOVERNMENT
PRIVATE

GOVERNMENT

Operated and maintained, partially or wholly, by the national government, a local government unit (provincial, city, or municipal), and other political units or any department, division, board or agency thereof.

PRIVATE

Private owned, established and operated with funds through donation, principal, investment or other means, by any individual, corporation, association, or organization.

CLASSIFICATION BY INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTER

INSTITUTION-BASED
NON-INSTITUTION-BASED

INSTITUTION-BASED

A laboratory that is located within the premises and operates as part of a DOH licensed health facility.

NON-INSTITUTION-BASED

A laboratory that operates independently and is not attached to any DOH licensed health facility.

CLASSIFICATION BY FUNCTION

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

➔ Deals with the chemical and cellular analyses of blood and other body fluids.
➔ Identification of microbes

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY

➔ Provides processing and examination of surgical specimens as to the physical/gross appearance and microscopic structure of tissues.

MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY

Deals with the analysis of certain genes, proteins, and other molecules in samples from organs, tissues, or bodily fluids to diagnose disease and/or to guide the prevention and treatment of disease.
◆ Genetics is involved in this cases.

LEADERSHIP

➔ Provides direction where organization is going. ➔ A pattern of behaviors used to engage others to complete tasks.

MANAGEMENT

➔ Provides the “road” to get there.
➔ Primary functions include:
◆ Planning and Strategizing

LEADERSHIP STYLES

SUPPORTIVE LEADER
DIRECTIVE LEADER
DELEGATING LEADER
COACHING LEADER

SUPPORTIVE LEADER

➔ Provides physical and personal resources.

DIRECTIVE LEADER

➔ Presents rules, orders, or other defined instructions to the individual.

DELEGATING LEADER

➔ Provides low support and low direction. ◆ After the output than the progress/process.

COACHING LEADER

➔ Provides high support and high direction.

CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGERS

FIRST-LINE MANAGERS
MIDDLE-LINE MANAGERS
TOP-LINE MANAGERS

➔ Organization ➔ Personnel ➔ Documents and Records ➔ Facilities and Safety ➔ Equipment ➔ Purchasing and Inventory ➔ Information Management➔ Occurrence Management ➔ Assessments ➔ Process Improvement ➔ Customer Service ➔ Process Control

QUALITY SYSTEM ESSENTIALS

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STANDARD INSTITUTE

They created the 12 quality system essentials based on ISO standards.

COLLEGE OF AMERICAN PATHOLOGIST (CAP)

➔ They adapted ISO 15189:2007 ◆ International laboratories. standard for medical ◆ Requirements include quality, competence. Governs technical and management standards

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR ORGANIZATION (ISO)

➔ They establish guidelines that would reflect the highest level of quality.

• Administrator

• Organizer & Developer

• Risk taker

• Inspiration

• Thinks long term

• Asks what and why

• Challenges status quo

• Does the right thing

LEADER

• Implementer

• Maintains control

• Thinks short term

• Asks how and when

• Watches bottom line

• Accepts status quo

• Is a good soldier

• Does things right

MANAGER

DEFINE
MEASURE
ANALYZE
IMPROVE
CONTROL

SIX SIGMA

BUSINESS AREA

◆ Where transactions happened. ◆ Receiving of specimens and release of results. ◆ Waiting area for the patients.

COLLECTION AREA

◆ Located outside of the clinical work area. ◆ Hi-Precision for instance, there is a designated area for collection of the blood, and other body fluids (toilet facilities) just within the facility.

TOLIET FACILITIES.

◆ Accessible toilets for the staff/employees and patients.

Primary Category

● Routine Hematology
● Clinical Microscopy
● Clinical Chemistry

➔ Provides the following minimum service capabilities.

Secondary Category

● Hematology
● Immunology/Serology
● Clinical Chemistry
● Microbiology
● Blood Banking

➔ Provides the minimum service capabilities of primary category laboratory plus the following:

Tertiary Category

Microbiology
● Immunology/Serology
● Histopathology

Provides the minimum service capabilities of primary and secondary category laboratories plus the following.

ROUTINE HEMATOLOGY

➔ Complete Blood Count (CBC)
➔ Forward and Reverse ABO grouping and Rh (D) typing tube method.
➔ Qualitative Platelet Determination

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY

➔ Routine Urinalysis
➔ Routine Fecalysis
➔ Fecal Occult Blood Test
➔ Pregnancy Test (Rapid Hormones Test Kits) ➔ Wet Smear for Trichomonas

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

➔ FBS and RBS ◆ 8-10 hours fasting
➔ OGTT ◆ 6-8 hours fasting ◆ 75 g of oral glucose solution, within 5 minutes (usually done for pregnant women to check for gestational diabetes). ◆ 1 hour and 2 hours after intake will then be taken (depende sa clinic).
➔ Lipid Profile ◆ Total cholesterol
➔ BUN
➔ BUA

HEMATOLOGY (COAGULATION STUDIES)

➔ PT ◆ Prothrombin Time test, for warfarin. ➔ aPTT ◆ Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

IMMUNOLOGY/SEROLOGY

➔ RPR/Syphilis Test
➔ Dengue Test
➔ ASO Titer
➔ HIV Screening
➔ HBsAG

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

➔ Serum Electrolytes
➔ ALT
◆ Alanine Transaminase
◆ Another term is SGPT - Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase.
◆ It plays a crucial role in liver function, and a high level in the blood can indicate liver damage or other health issues like viral hepatitis.
➔ AST
◆ Aspartate Aminotransferase
◆ Another term is SGOT - Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase.
◆ A high SGOT level can indicate damage to the liver, muscles, or other organs because the enzyme leaks into the bloodstream when cells are injured.

MICROBIOLOGY

➔ Gram Stain
➔ KOH ◆ Potassium Hydroxide ◆ A chemical solution used in a KOH preparation test to diagnose fungal infections.

BLOOD BANKING

➔ Cross-matching (hospital based)