nitrogen cycle c.6

What percentage of the atmosphere is N2?

78% of the atmosphere is N2.

What bacteria is mutualistic with the legume family?

Rhizobium bacteria is mutualistic with the legume family.

How does Rhizobium bacteria change N2 into a useable organic form?

Rhizobium bacteria enters root hairs and nodes of the legume family and changes N2 into a useable organic form.

What is Azotobacter bacteria?

Azotobacter bacteria is a free-living bacteria found in soil.

What does Nitrosomonas bacteria do?

Nitrosomonas bacteria oxidizes NH3 (ammonia) to make NO2 (nitrite) and releases energy in the presence of oxygen.

What does Nitrobacter bacteria do?

Nitrobacter bacteria oxidizes NO2 (nitrite) to make NO3 (nitrate) and releases energy in the presence of oxygen.

What type of bacteria are Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter?

Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemoautotrophs.

How are nitrates made bioavailable to plants?

Nitrates are actively transported into roots by plants (use ATP), and assimilation occurs when plants take up nitrates and make them into proteins.

What is assimilation?

Assimilation is the process when plants take up nitrates (N3) and make them into proteins.

How does an organism make N a part of itself?

An organism makes N a part of itself by taking up amino acids (with N) and making them into protein, and then making the protein into muscle.

nitrogen cycle steps

1. nitrogen fixation
2. nitrification
3. assimilation
4. ammonification
5. dentrification

step one of nitrogen cycle

Conversion of N2 gas into ammonia (NH3) or ammonium (NH4+) ions by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil or in root nodules of legume plants (nitrogen fixation)

step two of nitrogen cycle

The conversion of ammonia or ammonium ions into nitrate (NO3-) ions by nitrifying bacteria. This process occurs in two steps: Ammonia is first oxidized to nitrite (NO2-) by Nitrosomonas bacteria, and then nitrite is oxidized to nitrate by Nitrobacter bacteria. (nitrification)

step three of nitrogen cycle

The uptake of nitrogen in the form of ammonium or nitrate ions by plants, which use this nitrogen to build amino acids, nucleic acids, and other essential molecules (assimilation)

step four of nitrogen cycle

The process by which nitrogen is released back into the soil through the decomposition of organic matter by bacteria and fungi. This results in the production of ammonium ions, which can be used again by plants or undergo further nitrification (ammonification)

step five of nitrogen cycle

The conversion of nitrate (NO3-) back into nitrogen gas (N2) by denitrifying bacteria in anaerobic conditions. This step releases nitrogen back into the atmosphere, completing the nitrogen cycle (dentrification)

What happens to NADH during aerobic respiration?

It loses e- (oxidized to NAD+), and H+ is pushed out into the inter-membrane space.

What happens to FADH2 during aerobic respiration?

It loses e- (oxidized to FAD), and H+ is pushed out into the inter-membrane space.

What happens to electrons (e-) during aerobic respiration?

They join H+ and O2 to make water, and oxygen is the final electron acceptor.

What is the role of ATP synthase in aerobic respiration?

It makes ATP when H+ goes through it (H+ gradient).

Does the process of aerobic respiration start without the presence of O2?

No, the process does not start unless O2 is present.

What is the process carried out by Pseudomonas denitrificans?

Pseudomonas denitrificans converts NO3 to N2.

What is Pseudomonas denitrificans?

Pseudomonas denitrificans is a type of bacteria.

What does Pseudomonas denitrificans use as a final electron acceptor when oxygen is present?

Pseudomonas denitrificans uses O2 as a final electron acceptor when oxygen is present.

What does Pseudomonas denitrificans use as a final electron acceptor when oxygen is not present?

Pseudomonas denitrificans uses NO3 as a final electron acceptor when oxygen is not present.

What is the effect of the process carried out by Pseudomonas denitrificans on nitrogen availability in an ecosystem?

The process carried out by Pseudomonas denitrificans reduces the availability of nitrogen in an ecosystem.

What happens to bacteria that make bioavailable nitrogen compounds when soil lacks oxygen or in highly acidic environments?

They become unavailable.

What do these bacteria (that make bioavailable Nitrogen compounds can be unavailable) do to obtain nitrogen in the absence of other sources?

They capture insects and dissolve them.

Do these carnivorous plants use energy from the insects they capture?

No, they still do photosynthesis for "food”