Muscular System Overview

These flashcards cover the essential functions, types, and properties of the muscular system, as well as terminology related to muscle control and related diseases.

What are the four main functions of the muscular system?

Allows movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, and generates heat.

How many types of muscles are there in the muscular system?

3, cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.

How many muscles are in the body?

about 640

What are the organs in this system?

Muscle

Where do we find muscles specifically?

Skeletal- attached to bone

Cardiac- heart

Smooth- digestive+ respiratory systems

What are the 5 properties of muscles? and examples

Adaptability- can change EX. hypertrophy and atrophy

Contractability- can shorten EX. bicep curls

Excitability- respond to stimulus EX. Hot stove

Extensibility- stretch w/o damage EX. split

Elasticity- return to resting shape EX. rubber band

What is an involuntary muscle?

unconscious

What’s a voluntary muscle?

you control

What are the 3 types of control for the muscles?

Skeletal- voluntary

Smooth- inoluntary

Cardiac- involuntary

What are the five ways that muscles are names?

Location

Size

Number of tendons of origin

Shape

Direction of muscle fibers

5 way muscles are named ex.

Location- tibias anterior

Size- Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius

Number of tendons of origin- biceps, triceps, quad

Shape- rhomboideus (diamond), deltoid (triangle), trapezius /—\, serratus /\/\/\/\

Direction of muscle fibers- rectus abdominus, traverse abdominus, external oblique

What’s a rectus abdominus?

parallel to the midline

What’s traverse abdominus?

perpendicular to midline

What’s external oblique?

diagonal to the midline

What is the largest bone in the body?

FEMUR

What is an example of a long bone?

METACARPALS

What is false about Muscle tissue?

MUSCLES PUSH AND PULL

What is the scientific name for primary bone cancer?

OSTEOSARCOMA

What is an example of components of muscular system?

TENDONS

What is an example of a component in the skeletal system?

JOINTS

Which muscle is the abs?

RECTUS ABDOMINUS

What are the arm muscles?

TRICEPS

Is the calf the gastrocnemius muscle?

Yes

Visceral aka?

SMOOTH

What’s involuntary muscle?

Controlled by unconscious part of the brain

What’s voluntary muscles?

Controlled by the conscious part of the brain

What are the two muscles that are striated?

Cardiac and Skeletal

What is origin?

attached to less or immovable bone

What is insertion?

attached to the movable bone

What are the five muscle movements?

Adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, rotation

What is abduction?

move away from the midline

What is adduction?

move closer to the midline

What is flexion?

Moves muscles closer together

What is extension?

moves muscle farther part

What is rotation?

rotating around the long axis of the body

What is Muscular Dystrophy?

Mutations in the genes

Causes damage of muscle fibers, atrophy, progressive

What is Cerebral Palsy

Congenital behavior

Effects posture, balance, motor functions

Not progressive

What is ALS?

AKA Lou Gehrig’s disease

Neurodegenerative

Causes loss of control of voluntary muscles

fatal

What is tendonitis?

inflammation of a tendon

most common in wrists, elbows, shoulders, heel