redox reactions + note about cathode/anode

oxidation states allow _______ ____ to be seen in chemical reactions

electron flow

are oxidation numbers and charges the same thing?

no

oxidation numbers are…

imaginary

ion charges are…

real, measurable

most redox reactions are which type of reaction?

single displacement

electrons must be _______ between atoms for a reaction to be redox

transferred

losing e- does what to charge and oxidation number?

increases

gaining e- does what to charge and oxidation number?

decreases

losing electrons =

oxidation

gaining electrons =

reduction

oxidation number decreasing =

reduction

oxidation number increasing =

oxidation

in a redox reaction, do both oxidation and reduction need to occur?

yes

the reactant that reduces an element in another reactant is called…

reducing agent

the reactant that oxidizes an element in another reactant is called…

oxidizing agent

the reducing agent is the same as the element being…

oxidized

the oxidizing agent is the same as the element being…

reduced

free elements have an oxidation number of…

0

monatomic ions have an oxidation number _____ to their charge (ex. Na⁺ or Cl^-)

equal

the sum of all elements’ oxidation states in a compound should equal…

0

in a polyatomic ion, the sum of all elements’ oxidation numbers should equal…

charge value

in compounds, group I metals all have an oxidation number of…

+1

in compounds, group II metals all have an oxidation number of…

+2

in compounds, F has an oxidation number of…

-1

in compounds, H has an oxidation number of…

+1

in compounds, O has an oxidation number of…

-2

can an element’s oxidation number be the same as its charge?

sometimes

PANIC acronym (applies to electrolytic cells)

positive is anode, negative is cathode

________ will always take place at anode

oxidation (an ox)

________ will always take place at cathode

reduction (red cat)

electrons always flow from _____ to _____

anode to cathode