Earth Science

Starting with new moon (the closest to the sun and going clockwise, name the moon phases in order:

new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, first quarter

Do we always see the same side of the moon?

yes

What is the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse? What moon phases do they occur at?

Solar eclipses cast a shadow across the earth and a lunar eclipse casts a shadow on the moon. A solar eclipse happens at the new moon and a lunar eclipse happens at the full moon.

What type of eclipse is this?  What moon phase does it occur in?  

This is a solar eclipse and it happens at the new moon phase.

What type of eclipse is this? What moon phase does this occur in?

This is a lunar eclipse and it happens at the full moon phase.

Why don’t we have an eclipse every month?

Because the moons orbit is tilted, changing the moon's shadow.

What greenhouse gas is MOST responsible for the acidification of oceans?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Describe the effect that water will have on a rock after it is tumbled down numerous waterways and is deposited at the mouth of a river.

The rock will smooth and round on its edges

Why do hurricanes primarily happen from April-October in the Northern Hemisphere?

Because the northern hemisphere becomes warmer throughout the summer months which is what's needed in order for hurricanes to form.

In billions of years, how old is our Earth?

4.5 billion years

Are humans closer in age to dinosaurs or corals? How can we tell?

Humans are closer to corals than dinosaurs because corals have lived longer than dinosaurs

Name two species that appeared after the Cambrian Explosion.

Insects & sharks

Explain the process of fusion as it occurs in the sun.

It's when protons of hydrogen collide in the sun's core and fuse to create helium atoms.

What are sunspots? How are they linked to magnetic activity?

Sunspots are dark, cooler areas on the sun's surface and connect to magnetic activity because of their strong magnetic fields.

If global warming continues, what might happen to our coastlines? Why?

If global warming continues coastlines might experience rises in sea levels because since the planet warms glaciers and ice sheets melt giving a rise in sea level.

Garnet, the New York State gemstone, has a hardness of 7.5. Name TWO rocks/minerals that garnet can scratch and name TWO rocks/minerals that garnet WILL NOT scratch.

Garnet can Scratch: apatite , orthoclase

Garnet CANNOT Scratch: diamond , quartz

As you increase distance from the Sun, what happens to the length of the year (how long it takes to orbit the sun)?

The length of the planets year increases

Compare and Contrast the Jovian Planets and the Terrestrial Planets.

Jovian planets are larger while terrestrial planets are smaller

What is this river feature known as?

Delta

What is this river feature known as? (NOT the curve!)

Floodplain

What is this river feature known as?

oxbow

Explain why our Winter and Summer are more extreme than New York City’s.

We have a more extreme winter and summer than New York City because of its location as its on an island.

What type of plate boundary is found at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge? What type of landform is made at this boundary?

A divergent plate boundary is found at the Mid- Atlantic Ridge, and a mid ocean ridge is made at this plate boundary.

characteristics of continental polar

cold and dry

characteristics of continental tropical

hot and dry

characteristics of maritime polar

cold and wet

characteristics of maritime tropical

hot and wet

characteristics of continental polar

cold and dry

Why does cool air sink and warm air rise, in terms of density? What has less density; cool air or warm? Why?

Cool air sinks because it is denser than warm air

23) Energy flows from areas of blank energy to areas of blank energy.

high - low

During what period of time did the Taconian Orogeny Occur? What about the Alleghanian Orogeny?

The Taconian Orogeny occurred during the Ordovician period and the Alleghanian Orogeny took place during the permian period.

Why do P-Waves travel through the outer core of earth but S-Waves do not? What then, can we infer, is the inner core of the earth composed of?

P waves travel through the outer core because they only travel through solid as s waves travel through liquid. That means the inner core of the earth is composed of liquid.

What 2 processes can form metamorphic rock?

Heat and pressure

What 2 processes can form igneous rock?

Melting and solidification

What 2 processes can form sedimentary rocks?

compaction and cementation

What are the three steps of the water cycle

evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

On the electromagnetic spectrum pictured above, list the types of waves by increasing wavelength (remember, the closer together the waves are, the shorter the wavelength

Gamma waves (shortest), X rays, ultraviolet, infrared, microwaves, radio waves(longest)

Now, please list the colors of the electromagnetic spectrum by increasing wavelength

violet(shortest), indigo, violet, rainbow, red, blue, dark blue

beginning

Forms in star-forming nebulae

Star forming nebula

After this stage, a star has two different paths it can take:

3s) protostar

3m) massive star

4s) red supergiant

4m) supernova

5s) black hole

5m) sun like star

6s) red giant

6m) planetary nebula

7m) white dwarf

Make CER

Claim - Sea ice has been rapidly decreasing over the past 40 years, based on the picture and scientific research.

Make CER

Evidence- Global warming cause a rise in sea levels and warms the planet

Make CER

Reasoning- Because of global warming the planet experiences hot weather which allows glaciers and ice sheets to melt