Organic Synthesis Test
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22 Terms
Ketone Test
Orange precipitate with 2,4-DNPH.
Carboxylic Acid Test
Reacts with carbonates to form CO_2 gas which will turn limewater cloudy.
Ester Test
Have sweet, fruity smells.
Amine Test
- Turns damp red litmus paper blue.
- Turns universal indicator blue / purple.
Nitrile Test
No official test.
Hydrogenation Definition
The addition of alkenes with hydrogen.
Cracking Definition
The process in which large, less useful hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful molecules in an oil refinery.
Free-radical substitution Definition
The reaction in which halogen atoms substitute for hydrogen atoms in alkanes. The mechanism involves steps in which reactive free radicals are produced (initiation), regenerated (propagation), and consumed (termination)
Electrophilic Addition Definition
The mechanism of the reaction in which an electrophile attacks the C=C bond and addition across the double bond occurs.
Nucleophilic Addition Definition
The mechanism of the reaction in which a nucleophile attacks the carbon atom in a carbonyl group and addition across the C=O bond occurs.
Oxidation Definition
The loss of electrons or gain of oxygen of an atom, ion, or molecule.
Reduction Definition
The gain of electrons or loss of oxygen of an atom, ion, or molecules
Hydrolysis Definition
The breakdown of a compound by water or by dilute acids or alkali
Condensation Definition
A reaction in which two organic molecules join together and in the process eliminate a small molecule such as water or hydrogen chloride
Electrophilic Substitution Definition
The replacement of an atom by another atom or group of atoms after initial attack by an electron—deficient species
Nucleophilic Substitution Definition
The mechanism of the organic reaction in which a nucleophile attacks a carbon atom carrying a potential positive charge. This results in the replacement of an atom carrying a partial negative charge by the nucleophile
Fehling's Solution Test
Aldehydes
Tollens' Reagent Test
Aldehydes
Bromine water Test
Alkenes
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) Test
Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones)
Iodoform Test
Methyl ketone (CH_3CO—) group
Silver nitrate and ammonia Test
Halogens
Flashcards (117)