Power and Borders definitions

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22 Terms

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What is a state?

-there is a politically organised group of people under a single government

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What social factors give a state power?
\-demographic structure

\-human resources

\-events in history
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What economic factors give a state power?
\-trade strength

\-wealth

\-industrial development

\-ability to regulate its economy
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What political factors give a state power?
\-international relations

\-government policy

\-events in history
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What physical factors give a state power?
\-ability to exploit natural resources

\-geographical location
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What is a nation?
\-a large group of people with strong bonds of identity (shared history, culture and language)

\-a nation does not have to be confined to one country
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What is a nation-state?

-a state that has sovereignty over a single nation (state boundaries = geographical area the nation lives in)

-OR area of land (of an independent country) that has well-defined boundaries

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What is nation-building?
\-promoting nationality + constructing a national identity using state power
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What is sovereignty?
\-the absolute authority which independent states exercise in the government of the land + people in their territories
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What is internal sovereignty?
\-where a state has exclusive authority within its territory
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What is external sovereignty?
\-a state has to be mutually recognised among other sovereign states
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What is territorial integrity?

-State exercises sovereignty within a specific territory (nation-state) + the boundaries are recognised within international law

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What are norms?
\-moral principles, customs, and behaviours which are universally acknowledged
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What does intervention mean?
\-actions that can be taken by international organisations to resolve conflicts or humanitarian crises

\-examples: economic sanctions, military intervention (authorised by UN)
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How do we measure state fragility?
\-State fragility index → uses data from 12 categories (eg economic decline, human rights, refugees and IDPs, group grievance)
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What are different types of threats to borders?
\-contested territory → Russia’s annexation of Crimea

\-contested maritime boundaries → the South China Sea

\-separatism → Scottish nationalists in the UK
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What are the problems with TNCs for state sovereignty?
\-many TNCs expand their operations without caring about state boundaries

\-some nation states have partially lost control of their territory, work force and environment because TNCs have so much economic power

\-disrespect for human rights (exploitation, low wages, poor working conditions + use of child labour)
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Example of Nike causing problems for state sovereignty
\-Nike - Hytex factory in Malaysia - uses forced labour, workers had very bad living conditions (26 men in one room) → abusing human rights

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Example of Coca Cola causing problems for state sovereignty
\-Coca Cola - water shortages in areas surrounding factories bc groundwater is extracted to be used in factories - groundwater levels dropped by up to 8m in first 7 years Coca Cola was there → impacts quality of life for civilians
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What are supranational institutions?
\-a tier of governance above that of an indiviual state eg UN, NATO and trading blocks
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Who are the permanent UN Security Council members?
\-UK

\-USA

\-France

\-China

\-Russia
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How does the distribution of ethnic groups affect state sovereignty?
\-internal conflict between ethnic groups results in the government being unable to protect all its citizens (eg Dinka and Nuer conflict in South Sudan)