savanna Raica chapter 3- Histology

histology

study of tissue

cell differentiation

the developmental process that results in the formation of different (specialized) types of cells

the four types of tissue in the body

epithelia, conceive, muscle, and nerve tissue

3 general classified of epithelial tissue

layer, shape, and modifications

avascular

non-vascular

3 general characteristics epithelial tissue

adhere (stick) closely to one another, No blood vessel ( non-vascular), body surfaces or lining body cavities.

simple cells

single layer of layer cell

stratified cells

multiple layers of the cell

squamous cells look

flat

cuboidal cells look

boxy

columnar cells look

tall and skinny

3 types of cellular modifications

cilia, microvilli, and goblet

cells found on cellular modifications

only in columnar epithelial cells

cillia

fine motile hairs

microvilli

increase surface area of the cell

goblet cells

mucus secreting cells

simple squamous epithelial cells found

lining of blood vessels

simple cuboidal cells found

urinary tubes, kidneys, thyroid, other glands of the body

aden/o

gland

simple columnar ciliated epithelial cells found

woman’s fallopian tubes

cilia on the fallopian tubes do

carry the eggs from ovaries to the uterus

where the simple columnar epithelial with the giblets cells

lining of the stomach

goblets cells in the stomach do

neutralize stomach surface area for absorption

simple columnar brush-border epithelium with goblet cells are found

lining of the intestines

pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblets cells found

the lining of the respiratory tract

pseudo

false

pseudostratified means

falsely stratified

cilia on the respiratory tract dose

catch dust

transitional epithelium found

urinary bladder

why its called transition epithelium

tissue becomes stretchy because it gets filled with urine

lumen

hole

2 subtypes of stratified squamous epithelium

non-keratinizing, keratinizing

kenatin found

hair skin and nails

keratin

harding proteins

non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

dead layers of cells

non-keratinizing found

oral cavity, anal canal, and the vaginal canal

keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

dead layers

keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium found

epidermis of the skin

cells need to be surrounded by

water

connective tissue function

generally functions to connect and support other tissues of the body

classified connective tissue

type of cell and intercellular matter

areolar loose connective tissue

loose connective tissue that consistent of fibroblasts macrophages and mast cells

fibroblast

principle of secrete proteins

macrophages

engulf foreign agents

mast cells

secrete histamine

inflammation

swelling, redness, and/or pain of something

erythema mean

red

edma means

swelling

2 proteins that are secreted by fibroblast

collagen and elastin

collagen

strength

elastin

elasticity

adipose tissue

protein gel

function of adipose tissue

serving support and nourish to other tissues in the body

3 common locations of adipose tissue

under the skin, around the kidneys and eyeballs, and buttocks and breast

2 subtypes of dense fibrous connective tissue

regularly arranged and irregularly arranged

5 places for dense fibrous connective tissue

tendons, ligaments, dura mater, fascia, and perichondrium

peri mean

around

how do regularly arranged dense fibrous connective tissue look like

the proteins are arranged in a parallel bundles

irregularly arranged dense fibrous connective tissue

the proteins are intertwin

speciality of cartilage tissue

not vascular

3 subtypes of cartilage

hyaline, fibro , and elastic cartilage

4 locations of hyaline cartilage

long bones, front of the nose, trachea and larynx

fibrocartilage found

intervertebral (inbetween) disk

elastic cartilage

external ear

osteocytes

bone cell

compact bone look like

arrange in concentric circles called Haversian system

spongy bone look like

arrange in a spongy network

osteoblasts

secrete calcium minerals to form bone tissue

osteoclasts

break down of calcium minerals

resorption

break down of calcium minerals

ossification

form of bone tissue

haversian system

arrangement in concentric circles

diaphysis

shaft of the bone

epiphysis

ossifying cartilage prior to completion of bone growth

medullary cavity

red marrow

hemopiesis

blood creating

hemopiesic tissue

blood and lymph

erythrocytes

red blood cells

leukocytes

white blood cells

platelets

blood clot formation and tissue repair

thromboplastin

initiates blood clotting by activating the extrinsic coagulation pathway

neoplasms

an abnormal, excessive, and uncoordinated proliferation of cells, often forming a mass of tissue known as a tumor

benign tumors

increassed multiplication of tissue cells (mitosis)

malignants tumors

increased multiplication of tissue cells