Psych Exam Brain Stuff (copy)

GABA

GABA

is involved in reducing anxiety, promoting relaxation, and regulating muscle tone.

Serotonin

Mood, Sleep, Hunger

Glutamate

Major excitatory

Endorphins

Dimishishes pain

Norepinerphrine

Alertness and arousal

Acetocoychonline

Enables msucle action, learning, and memory

Hypothalamus

regulating eating, drinking, body temperature, and controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Pituatary Gland

Realeases growth hormone and controls other glands, master gland

Pineal Gland

Controls release and production of meltonin. regulates sleep cycles

Thyroid

Produces the thyroid hormone- linked to metabolism, and controls level of calcium in the blood

Adrenal Gland

Secretes hormones such as adrenaline which is used in flight or fight response, and noradrenaline which increases heart rate

Pancreas

Secretes insulin the gland in abodmen

Gonads

Which can secrete a variety of hormones depending on sex, testostrone, estrogen, and androgen

Peripheral Nervous System

all the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, including muscles, organs, and glands. The PNS is responsible for transmitting sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands from the CNS to the peripheral tissues to control movement and bodily functions.

The Somatic Nervous System (voluntary)

division of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for controlling the body's skeletal muscles and voluntary movements.

Automatic Nervous System (auto for involuntary)

Controls smooth muscles and glands. division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and glandular activity.

Sympathetic Nervous System (flight or fight → superman)

Part of automatic nervous system responsible for activating the body's fight-or-flight response during stressful or dangerous situations. It increases heart rate, dilates airways, and redirects blood flow to vital organs to prepare the body for action.

Parasypathetic (calming)

Part of automatic nervous system responsible for promoting relaxation, rest, and digestion. It slows down heart rate, constricts airways, and enhances digestion and nutrient absorption.

Hind Brain

Has Medulla, Pons, and Cerebellum

Medulla

heart, circulation, and breathing

Pons

sending info to your brain, pons is involved in functions such as sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, and facial sensations.

Cerebellum

coordinating movement and balane

Mid Brain

Contains recticular formation

Recticular Formation

regulating arousal, attention, sleep-wake cycles, and consciousness. and overall alertness

Forebrain

Contains the limbic system, thalamus, hippocampus, amgydala

Limbic System

Regulating emotion, memories, and behavior

Hippocampus

Storing long term memory

Amgydala

Emotional and motivaational center, fear, agression, sexual behaviorm and memory consolodation

Thalamus

processes sensory and motor input

Hypothalamus

Regulates autonomic nervous system and interacts with endocrine in order to achieve homeostasis

Cerebrum

largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as conscious thought, memory, language, emotion, and voluntary movement.

Corpus Callosum

Divides hemispheres aswell broad band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing them to communicate and share information.

Cerebal Cortex

The out part of the cerebrum, responsible for many complex cognitive processes and is essential for human intelligence and behavior.

Frontal Lobe

One part of cerebrum that has the primary motor cortex, prefrontal cortex and brocas area

Primary motor cortex

Controls voluntary movements

Prefrontal cortex

excutive funcitons, problem solving, descion making

Parietal Lobe

Part of cerebrum that integrates sensory input especially for navigationa and spatial awarness

Occipital Lobe

Part of cerebrum and location of pimary visual cortex, responsible for visual perception and color recognition

Temporal Lobe

Part of cerbrum and loication of primary auditory cortex. It is related to hearing, languagem and object recogniton. The auditory cortex is for processing auditory information received from the ears.

gilal cells

guide the growth of developing neurons, help provide nutrition for and get rid of wastes of neurons, and form an insulating sheath around neurons that speeds conduction.

tay sachs syndrome

produces progressive loss of nervous function and death in a baby.

antagnoists

block a receptor site, inhibiting the effect of the neurotransmitter or agonist.

agonist

may mimic a neurotransmitter and bind to its receptor site to produce the effect of the neurotransmitter.

acetycloholone deficit (excitatory)

alzehimer’s diease

dopamine (inhibirotry) deficit

parkinson’s

serotonin (inhibitory) deficit

depression, mood disorder

norephonephrine deficit (excitatory)

mental disroders, depression

GABA (inhibitory) deficit

anxiety, seizures

glutamate deficit (inhibitory)

delay in development

endorphins (inhibitory) defitcit

body and pain

inhibitory neurotransmitters

block or prevent checimal message from being passed along any farther (GABA), glycine and serotonin)

excitatory neurotransmitters

excite the neuron and fire it off, (glutamate, epinephrine and norepinephrine)