Civil War and Reconstruction

1863 Enrollment Act

Healthy white male citizens 20-45 eligible for draft (UNION)

$300 men

Pay to get out of the war draft (UNION)

Legal Tender Act (1862)

Authorized the creation of paper money

National Bank Act (1863)

This created National Charters and a National Currency. These were created to stabilize the banking system (and pay for the Civil War)

1st Conscription Act (1862)

All men 18-35 had 3-year enlistment

ages eventually went to 17-50

20-Negro Rule

For every 20 slaves owned, the family can keep one man behind

Impressment Act (1863)

Allowed soldiers to buy goods (and slaves) from citizens at set rates

The Anaconda Plan (UNION)

Blockade the coast

• Prevents trade

Capture Richmond

• Confederate capital and political center

Capture the Mississippi River

• Divide the confederacy

Confederate War Strategy

They want foreign recognition (to be recognized as a separate country, specifically England)

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued after Antietam "victory"
Gives North an incentive to fight harder

First Confiscation Act

Union Army could 'confiscate' slaves employed by the Confederate Army

Second Confiscation Act

Any slave in territory that has been conquered by the Union is considered free

Why Lincoln Was Evasive About Emancipation?

4 slave states in the Union (can't lose these states → rivers, railroads, land)

Considered the South still protected under the constitution

The Battle of Gettysburg

The loss took a devastating hit at Southern morale

• Lee was admired, so this loss damaged Southern morale

Entire towns of young men were wiped out by the mass death

War of Attrition/ Total War

The Union now wants to make it impossible for the Confederacy to fight

• Destroy anything the Confederate Army could possibly use

Sherman's "March to the Sea" through Georgia

The armies get to a territory and take whatever materials they want

They destroy whatever they can't use

Lincoln's 10% Plan

Pardon all confederates who swear allegiance to the Union and its laws

Readmit confederate states after 10% of those eligible to vote in 1860 took an oath to support the U.S. Constitution

Wade-Davis Bill, 1864

To be readmitted, a majority of eligible votes in 1860 in a state must take the Ironclad Oath

Ironclad Oath

a pledge that one NEVER supported the confederacy

Johnson's Plan

Declare secession illegal
Pass the 13th amendment
Have 10% of residents take a loyalty oath
All property is returned to confederates (except slaves)
High-level confederates can't vote unless they get special dispensation

Black Codes

Reinstated slavery by avoiding calling it "slavery"

Radical Reconstruction

14th (1868) + 15th (1870) Amendment
First Reconstruction Act (1867)
Freedman's Bureau Schools
Enforcement Acts

Failures of Reconstruction

KKK
Jim Crow Laws
Social Darwinism
Panic of 1873
Plessy v. Ferguson
Violating of the 15th amendment

Plessy v. Ferguson

"separate but equal"
State rights vs. U.S. rights
As long as it's equal, then it's okay

Violating of the 15th amendment

Poll tax
Literacy test