carbohydrates

What three chemical elements are found in carbohydrates?

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

what is the difference between a hexose monosaccharide and a Pentose monosaccharide?

• Hexoses contain six carbon atoms

• Pentose contains five carbon atoms

What bonds form between two monosaccharides to make a disaccharide?

• Glycolytic bond

What are the properties of Glucose ?

• It’s chemical bonds contain lots of energy

• It is soluble (so can be easily transported)

Describe the formation of maltose ?

• Two glucose monomer

• The hydrogen atom on one monosaccharide bonds to a hydroxide group on the other

• Releasing a water molecule

• A 1,4 glycoside bond is formed

Describe the structure of starch ?

• Consist of amylopectin and amylose

State the properties of starch ?

• Main source of energy in plants

• Because starch is insoluble in water so it doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis

• Has no effect on water potential

Describe the structure of amylose ?

• Long on brunch chain of alpha molecules

• 1,4 glycosidic bonds

• Coiled making it compact

Describe the structure of amylopectin ?

• Long branched chain of alpha glucose

• 1,4 glycosidic bonds and 1,6 bonds making it branched

Describe the structure of glycogen ?

• Highly branched

Describe the structure of cellulose ?

• Made up of long on branches of beta glucose

• Forming straight cellulose chains

• The cellulose chains are linked together by hydrogen bonds

• These hydrogen bonds form strong fibres called microfibrills

What does branching allow ?

• Glucose monomer can be added and removed from the structure

• Quickly and efficiently

• Important for energy release in animals

What does compact allows ?

• Gives a molecule storage roles

• More glucose can be added

• Allows large amounts of glucose to be stored in a small space