APUSH pt 2

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of goods, plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between Europe, Africa, and the Americas after Columbus's voyages.

Native Americans pre and post Columbian Exchange

Before the Columbian Exchange, Native Americans lived in diverse societies with unique cultures. After, they faced population declines due to diseases and cultural disruptions.

Spanish Colonization

Spain's efforts to conquer and settle parts of the Americas, focusing on converting natives and exploiting resources.

Encomienda System

A Spanish system where settlers were given land and could force Native Americans to work, in exchange for converting them to Christianity.

European Colonization

Efforts by European countries like Spain, France, and England to settle the Americas for resources, power, and land.

French and Fur

The French traded fur with Native Americans, especially in Canada and along the Mississippi River.

Atlantic Slave Trade

The forced transportation of Africans to work in the Americas, especially on plantations.

1st Great Awakening

A religious revival in the 1730s–1740s that emphasized personal faith over traditional church practices.

7 Years War

A global conflict (1756–1763) between Britain and France; in the Americas, it’s called the French and Indian War.

Indentured Servants

People who worked for a set time in exchange for passage to America.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A 1676 rebellion in Virginia by farmers against Native American attacks and government corruption.

Taxation

British taxes like the Stamp Act angered colonists.

Enlightenment

A movement emphasizing reason and individual rights.

Common Sense

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging independence.

Declaration of Independence

A document declaring the colonies' independence from Britain.

Revolutionary War

Colonists’ fight for independence from Britain.

Saratoga

Turning point battle in the Revolutionary War that convinced France to help the colonists.

Yorktown

Final victory over Britain in the Revolutionary War.

Republican Motherhood

The idea that women should teach children about democracy.

Articles of Confederation

America’s first government; characterized by weak central power.

Northwest Ordinance

Organized the western lands and banned slavery there.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Federalists supported the Constitution; Anti-Federalists wanted more state power.

Jefferson vs. Hamilton

Jefferson wanted an agrarian society; Hamilton wanted industry and strong banks.

Washington’s Farewell Address

Warned against political parties and alliances.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward.

Mexican-American War

War over Texas and land; ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Court case allowing racial segregation under the doctrine of 'separate but equal.'