CHEMISTRY MIDTERM STUDY SHEET

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Atomic radius

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31 Terms

1

Atomic radius

________ decreases as you go from left to right across a period and increases as you go down a group due to electron shielding.

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2

Kinetic energy increases

________ when temperature increases and decreases when temperature decreases.

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3

Dipole Dipole attraction

________ occurs between polar molecules and is stronger than London dispersion forces.

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4

Potential energy increases

________ during melting and boiling and decreases during condensation and freezing.

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5

protons

positively charged

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6

neutrons

no charge

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7

electrons

negatively charged

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8

atomic number

the amount of protons in an atom

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9

atomic mass

the average atomic mass of all of the naturally occurring isotopes

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10

isotope

same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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11

valence electrons

electrons found on the outermost shell of an atom

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12

Contributions made by J.J. Thompson

discovered the electron using the cathode ray tube

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13

Ernest Rutherford

discovered the proton, positive nucleus, and that most of the atom is empty space through the gold foil experiment

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14

Half-life

the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive element to decay or become stable

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15

Fission

the splitting of an atom

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16

Fusion

the joining of two nuclei into one new nucleus

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17

The Big Bang Theory

a theory that suggests that the universe was created as a result of an extremely large explosion

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18

atomic radius

the size of the atom

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19

electronegativity

the ability for an atom to attract electrons

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20

ionization energy

the amount of energy needed to take the most loosely bound electron

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21

Ionic compounds

form between metals and nonmetals, metals and polyatomic ions, polyatomic ions and nonmetals, and two polyatomic ions

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22

ionic bonding

electrons are transferred from one element to another

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23

Covalent compounds

are between two or more nonmetals

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24

covalent bonding

means that electrons are shared between nonmetals

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25

melting

(solid to liquid)

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26

boiling

(liquid to gas)

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27

condensation

(gas to liquid)

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28

freezing

(liquid to solid)

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29

sublimation

(solid to gas skipping the liquid step)

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30

deposition

(gas to solid skipping the liquid step)

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31

Intermolecular forces

a force that occurs between molecules

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