Sports Med 2 - Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4

Medical words consists of what elements?

• Word Root

• Combining form

• Suffix

• Prefix

What is a word root?

The foundations of a medical terms and contains its primary meaning

What is a combining form?

It’s created when a word root is combined with a vowel

What is a suffix?

A word element placed at the end of a word that alters its meaning

What is a prefix?

A word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root

What does -ia mean?

Condition

What does -ar mean?

Pertaining to

What does hyper- mean?

excessive, above normal

What does -itis mean?

Inflammation

What does -megaly mean?

Enlargement

What does -oma mean?

Tumor

What are the three steps for defining medical words?

Step 1: Define the suffix, or last part of the word

Step 2: Define the first part of the word

Step 3: Define the middle parts of the word

What are the five levels of organization?

• Cells

• Tissues

• Organs

• Systems

• Organism

What is anatomical position?

A position used to locate anatomical parts and divisions of the body

What is a body plane?

An imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

What does a coronal (frontal) plane do?

Divides the body into an anterior and posterior section

What does a transverse (horizontal) plane do?

Divides the body into top and bottom sections

What does the midsagittal plane do?

Runs through the center of the body, dividing the body into right and left halves

What do directional terms do?

Help indicate the position of structures, surfaces, and regions of the body

What does medial mean?

Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

What does lateral mean?

Pertaining to a side

What does distal mean?

Further from the center or from the point of attachment to the body

What does anterior (ventral) mean?

Front of the body

What does posterior (dorsal) mean?

Back of the body

What does superficial mean?

Toward the surface of the body (external)

What does parietal mean?

Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

What are body cavities?

Spaces within the body that hold, protect, separate, and support internal organs

What are the two main body cavities?

Dorsal and ventral cavities

Where is the dorsal cavity divided?

Divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

Where is the ventral cavity divided?

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

What is a quadrant?

Four parts of the abdominopelvic cavity

What is structure of the right upper quadrant?

Right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines

What is the structure for the left upper quadrant?

Left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines

What is the structure of the right lower quadrant?

Part of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter

What is the structure of the left lower quadrant?

Part of the small and large intestines, the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter

How many abdominopelvic regions are there?

9

Where is the right hypochondriac region?

Upper right lateral region beneath the ribs

Where is the epigastric region?

Upper middle region

Where is the left hypochondriac region?

Upper left lateral region beneath the ribs

Where is the right lumbar region?

Middle right lateral region

Where is the umbilical region?

Region of the naval

Where is the left lumbar?

Middle left lateral region

Where is the right inguinal (iliac) region?

Lower right lateral region

Where is the hypogastric region?

Lower middle region

Where is the left inguinal (iliac) region?

Lower left lateral region

What are the divisions of the spine?

• Cervical (neck)

• Thoracic (chest)

• Lumbar (loin)

• Sacral (lower back)

• Coccyx (tailbone)

What does disease mean?

Pathological (morbid) conditions with a group of signs, symptoms, and clinical findings

How does disease disrupt homeostasis?

• Temperature

• Hydration (fluid volume)

• Acidity and salts (electrolytes)

What does adhesion mean?

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

What does edema mean?

abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces as a result of systematic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site

What does febrile mean?

Having or showing symptoms of a fever

What does gangrene mean?

Death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction or infection

What does hernia mean?

Protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it

What is inflammation?

Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with loss of function

What is mycosis?

Any fungal infection in or on the body

What is perforation?

Hole that completely penetrates a structure

What does rupture mean?

Sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ

What is septicemia?

Severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood

What is suppuration?

Process of forming pus

Meaning of cyt/o

cell

hist/o

tissue

kary/o, nucle/o

nucleus

anter/o

anterior, front

cuad/o

tail

cephal/o

head

dist/o

far, farthest

dors/o

back (of body)

infer/o

lower, below

later/o

side, to one side

medi/o

middle

proxim/o

near, nearest

ventr/o

belly, belly side

albin/o, leuk/o

white

chrom/o

color

cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o

yellow

cyan/o

blue

erythr/o

red

melan/o

black

poli/o

gray, gray matter

radi/o

radiation, x-ray; radius

tom/o

to cut

viscer/o

internal organs

-graphy

process of recording

infra-

below, under

peri-

around

super-

upper, above

ultra-

excess, beyond

what does dermat/itis mean

inflammation of the skin

What does cutane/ous mean?

pertaining to the skin

What does nephr/oma mean?

tumor of the kidney

What does ren/al mean?

Pertains to the kidney

What does stomat/itis mean?

inflammation of the mouth

What does or/al mean?

pertaining tot he mouth

What does gastr/o/megaly mean?

enlargement of the stomach

what does hepat/o/cytes mean?

cells in the liver

What does hyper/therm/ia mean?

condition of excessive heat

What does intra/muscul/ar mean?

pertaining to within the muscle

What does para/nas/al mean?

pertaining to (area) near the nose

What does hemat/emesis mean?

vomiting blood

What does arthr/itis mean?

Inflammation of a joint