TFN MIDTERMS WEEK 5

LYDIA HALL

-            She was born in New York City on September 21, 1906.

-            She graduated from York Hospital School of Nursing in Pennsylvania.

-            She took her BSN and Master of Arts from Teacher’s College, Columbia University.

-            Died on February 27, 1969, of heart disease in Queens Hospital of New York.

CARE, CORE, AND CURE THEORY

-            It was developed in the late 1960s is one of the well-known nursing theories that explains the roles of the nurse in patient care. It emphasizes that nursing is not just about treating disease, but also about caring for the whole person.

-            The theory highlights that true healing requires balance between body, mind, and medical treatment.

CARE

-            The “nurturing” components of nursing.

-            It involves hands-on bodily care of the patient, such as bathing, feeding, turning, and providing comfort.

-            Nurse’s role in comfort and daily needs.

-            Example:

o   A nurse is caring for a post-stroke patient who has difficulty moving. The nurse assists with bathing, turning to prevent bedsores, and feeding to maintain nutrition.

o   Meeting the patient’s basic needs.

CORE

-            This is the “therapeutic use of self” in the nurse-patient relationship.

-            It focuses on helping the patient explore feelings, set goals, and grow toward self-actualization.

-            The nurse acts as a counselor or facilitator.

-            Example:

o   A patient recently diagnosed with cancer feels hopeless and anxious. The nurse sits down, listens actively, acknowledges the patient’s fears, and encourages them to express feelings.

o   Emotional support & relationship.

CURE

-            This relates to the medical and technical aspect of patient care, often carried out by physicians.

-            It involves treatment of disease through interventions such as surgery, medication & therapies.

-            Nurses participate by assisting and collaborating with the medical team.

-            Example:

o   A patient with pneumonia is prescribed IV antibiotics. The nurse administers, monitors for side effects, and check the patient’s oxygen saturation, collaborating with the physician if changes are needed.

o   Medical treatment & procedures.

CARE

Hands-on care

Meets basic needs (bathing, feeding, comfort)

Assisting a post-stroke patient with hygiene & feeding

CORE

Therapeutic relationship

Provides emotional support, counseling

Listening to and encouraging a cancer patient

CURE

Medical/technical care

Administers treatment, collaborates with doctors

Giving IV antibiotics to a pneumonia patient

FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH

-            Born on March 13, 1919, in New York City.

-            Graduated from Fitkin Memorial Hospital School of Nursing, New Jersey in 1942.

-            She took her master’s degree in Physiology in 1947 and her doctorate degree in Education in 1955.

-            Died on February 24, 2017.

21 NURSING PROBLEMS THEORY

-            Abdellah’s model describes concerns of nursing rather than a theory describing relationships among phenomena. Her theory provides a foundation for determining and organizing nursing care (McEwen, 2007)

GOOD HYGIENE AND PHYSICAL COMFORT

Maintain good hygiene and physical comfort

Giving a bedridden patient a bed bath to prevent infections and keep them comfortable

PROMOTE OPTIMAL ACTIVITY

Promote optimal activity (exercise, rest, sleep)

Encouraging a post-surgery patient to walk short distances to prevent blood clots

PROMOTE SAFETY

Promote safety (prevent accidents, injuries, infections)

Raising bedside rails for an elderly patient at risk of falling

MAINTAIN GOOD BODY MECHANICS

Maintain good body mechanics & prevent deformities

Repositioning a stroke patient every 2 hours to prevent bedsores and contractures

MAINTAIN OXYGEN SUPPLY

Maintain oxygen supply to body cells

Administering oxygen therapy to a patient with pneumonia

MAINTAIN NUTRITION

Maintain nutrition (adequate food & fluids)

Assisting a patient with swallowing difficulties to eat soft foods safely

MAINTAIN ELIMINATION

Maintain elimination (bowel & bladder)

Assisting a patient with a catheter and monitoring urine output

MAINTAIN FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE

Maintain fluid & electrolyte balance

Starting IV fluids for a dehydrated patient (with doctor’s order)

RECOGNIZE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE

Recognize physiological responses to disease

Monitoring fever and vital signs in a patient with infection

MAINTAINS REGULATORY MECHANISMS

Maintain regulatory mechanisms (temperature, circulation)

Using blankets for a hypothermic patient to maintain body temperature

ACCEPT EXPRESSIONS OF FEELINGS

Identify & accept expressions of feelings (positive & negative)

Allowing a cancer patient to cry and express fear about chemotherapy

INTERRELATEDNESS OF EMOTION AND ILLNESS

Identify interrelatedness of emotions & illness

Supporting a hypertensive patient who feels anxious, since stress worsens BP

MAINTAIN GOOD COMMUNICATION

Maintain good communication (verbal & non-verbal)

Using pictures/gestures to communicate with a patient who has lost their voice

PROMOTE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Promote interpersonal relationships

Encouraging family visits for a patient feeling lonely in the hospital

FACILITATE SPIRITUAL GOALS

Facilitate spiritual goals

Allowing a patient to pray or arranging a chaplain visit before surgery

MAINTAIN THERAPEUTIC ENVIRONMENT

Maintain therapeutic environment

Reducing noise in the ward so patients can rest properly

FACILITATE SELF AWARENESS

Facilitate self-awareness

Helping a teenager with diabetes understand self-care responsibilities

ACCEPT OPTIMUM GOALS

Accept optimum goals despite limitations

Teaching a spinal injury patient how to use a wheelchair for independence

USE COMMUNITY RESOURCES

Use community resources

Referring a patient with TB to a local health center for continuous treatment

UNDERSTAND SOCIAL PROBLEM IN ILLNESS

Understand social problems in illness

Identifying that a patient’s malnutrition is linked to poverty and lack of food access

MARASMUS

Total calorie deficiency (protein + energy)

Infants <1 year (but can occur any age with severe starvation)

Severe wasting, very thin, “skin and bones”

Absent

Severe muscle and fat wasting

Dry, wrinkled skin

Alert but hungry, growth failure

KWASHIORKOR

Protein deficiency (with adequate calories)

Usually after weaning (1–3 years)

Edematous, swollen belly, thin limbs

Present (due to low albumin)

Muscle wasting masked by edema

Hair changes (sparse, reddish), skin lesions

Irritability, enlarged fatty liver

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

-            City, Missouri.

-            She is known as the “First Lady of Nursing” and the “Nightingale of Modern Nursing”

-            She was the first chairman of the International Nursing Index Editorial Advisory Committee.

-            Died on March 19, 1996, at a hospice in Branford, Connecticut.

NURSING NEED THEORY

-            Nursing is primarily about assisting individuals— sick or well—in performing activities that contribute to health, recovery, or peaceful death, activities that they would do unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.

BREATHE NORMALLY

Monitor oxygen saturation, encourage deep-breathing exercises

EAT AND DRINK ADEQUATELY

Maintain IV fluids (NPO), introduce clear fluids once bowel sounds return

ELIMINATE WASTES

Monitor urine output (catheter), check for first bowel movement post-surgery

MOVE AND MAINTAIN POSTURE

Assist to sit at bed’s edge, ambulate gradually to prevent blood clots

SLEEP AND REST

Provide quiet environment, give pain medication for comfort

SELECT SUITABLE CLOTHES

Help change into clean gown for comfort

MAINTAIN BODY TEMPERATURE

Monitor for fever, provide light blanket, manage chills/sweats

KEEP BODY CLEAN AND GROOMED

Give partial bed bath while incision heals

AVOID ENVIRONMENTAL DANGERS

Keep side rails up, secure IV & catheter lines

COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS

Encourage expression of pain, fears, and recovery concerns

WORSHIP ACCORDING TO FAITH

Provide privacy and quiet time for prayer

WORK AND ACCOMPLISHMENT

Engage in simple self-care (e.g., brushing teeth)

PLAY AND RECREATION

Allow use of phone, radio, or TV for relaxation

LEARN AND DISCOVER

Educate on wound care, breathing exercises, ambulation importance