modern psych in hist perspective - neo-behaviorism and social-cognitive theory

what kind of behaviorism did Tolman establish?

cognitive behaviorism

what discipline did Bandura originally fall under?

neo-behaviorism

what did Bandura develop?

social-cognitive theory

where was Bandura born?

Alberta

how is neo-behaviorism different from radical behaviorism?

it focuses on the mediating factors (O) between S and R

what are the O factors of neo-behaviorism?

state of the organism, including emotional, motivational, and cognitive set (“cognitive map”), expectations, and plans of action

what does neo-behaviorism say about reinforcement?

it’s not required for learning

what O factor did Tolman emphasize?

cognition

what did Tolman’s mice in the maze study demonstrate?

latent learning

what is latent learning?

learning without reinforcement

what kinds of cognition does social-cognitive theory differentiate between?

individual and social

what is individual cognition?

exploring, mapping, memorizing, processing, reasoning, evaluating

what is social cognition?

learning from others, from direct or symbolic models representing the collective experience embedded in culture

what is live modeling?

immediate participant modeling

what is vicarious modeling?

latent modeling, watching someone else

what is symbolic modeling?

verbal knowledge acquisition

what is internal modeling?

self-modeling, self-evaluation

how is outcome expectancy different in social-cognitive theory?

if-then reasoning instead of trial-and-error, insightful hetero- and auto-referencing in monitoring, assessment, and control of moral choices

what is involved in the self-modeling system?

self-image, self-monitoring, self-evaluation, self-regulation

what did social-cognitive theory reintroduce to psychology?

the notion of the psyche