Unit 7 - Civil War Test

When is Lincoln inaugurated?

When is Lincoln inaugurated?

1861

What was the first state that seceded from the U.S. when Lincoln was elected?

South Carolina

What was the Southern Government named when states gathered in Montgomery for a convention?

the Confederate Constitution

What are the five border states

• Delaware

• Maryland

• Kentucky

• Missouri

• West Virginia

Why was West Virginia established?

People from Virginia wanted to break away from the Confederacy, and remain part of the Union

What was the first battle of the Civil War?

Fort Sumter Battle

Way more __________ in North than South

• Infrastructure

• People

• Workers

• Manufacturing

• Banks

• Value of farmland

• Railways (can help with communication/transportation)

What is the Union’s “Anaconda Plan”?

• Blockade Southern Ports

• Control Mississippi River (Split Confederacy)

• Capture Richmond, VA (Confederate capital)

Confederacy’s plan in civil war:

• Survive as a nation

• Defend

• Cautious opportunism

Where is Fort Sumter?

South Carolina

What is another name for the Battle of Bull Run?

First Battle of Manassas

What year did the Battle of Bull Run occur in?

1861

Which side won the Battle of Bull Run?

Confederacy

What happens when the Union Army blockades the South?

• Union navy blockades south coastal borders

• South relying on factories in the North, but North doesn’t want to trade with them

• South also can’t trade with other countries

Lincoln replaces McDowell with McClellan who leads the…

union army

McClellan loses command from being general because…

He didn’t follow Lincoln’s orders

The Battle of the “Monitor” and the “Merrimac” was the first _______________ battle of the Civil War

ironclad warship

What year does McClellan lose power?

1862

Who is the leader of the Union Army during the Battle of Shiloh?

Ulysses S. Grant

Who attacks first in the Battle of Shiloh?

Confederates

What was a turning point in the Battle of Shiloh?

• Federal troop were about to be fully defeated, until reinforcements came in, and the next morning the Union was back on their feet

How many union soldiers died in the Battle of Shiloh?

13,000 out of 63,000 (heavy casualties)

How many confederate soldiers died in the Battle of Shiloh?

11,000 out of 40,000 (heavy casualties)

Why was losing New Orleans (Battle of New Orleans) such a loss for the Confederate Army?

Union could control the Mississippi River, part of Anaconda plan.

General Lee is the general for the ________ army

Confederate

What happened with Harper’s Ferry?

McClellan did not manage to save Harper’s Ferry (West Virginia) and General Stonewell Jackson captured Harper’s Ferry

Stonewall Jackson

Confederate general

What was the Battle of Antietam?

A battle between the union and confederacy states in Maryland

“Bloodiest single- day battle ever”

Union won

When did the Battle of Antietam occur?

September - October 1862

Where was the Battle of Antietam?

Sharpsburg, Maryland, 10 miles from Middletown (very close to West Virginia)

What is similar about the Union and Confederate accounts of the Battle of Antietam?

The Union and the Confederate accounts both have graphic imagery in the primary sources. Brutal affair for both sides.

Where was the Battle of Fredericksburg?

Northern Virginia (really close to Washington D.C, union is worried since it’s really close to the White House)

McClellan replaced by ______

Burnside

Why was McClellan replaced by Burnside?

McClellan was criticized for not being able to take commands from Lincoln (Lincoln is having trouble finding a leader who he trusts).

Who won the Battle of Fredericksburg?

Confederates

When was the Emancipation Proclamation

Jan. 1st 1863

Lincoln only freed the slaves in certain states through the Emancipation Proclamation - which states were these?

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, Arkansas, and North Carolina

Which states were not free?

Border states and Northern States

Why did Abraham Lincoln enforce the emancipation proclamation act?

• To get southern states to go back to the union

  • Economic purposes

  • Compromise

How did they “punish” Black men and women during the New York City Draft Riots?

Hanging on lamposts, mutiliations, etc.

What age was classified as eligible for someone to be put in the draft?

All males : 20-25

Unmarried men: 35-45

What is the new Union general after Burnside/1863?

General Hooker

How did the U.S. split the Union army in three parts? (Battle of Chancellorsville)

Concentrated army in North Virginia, some in Washington D.C., and the rest go to the south.

Who won the battle of Chancellorsville?

Confederates

Which general eventually became president later on?

Ulysses S. Grant

Union General Grant won many victories around ________ Mississippi

Vicksburg

What did the Battle of Vicksburg achieve?

Access to the Mississippi river (Part of Anaconda Plan)

What is the deadliest battle of the Civil War?

The Battle of Gettysburg

When did the Battle of Gettysburg occur?

June 1863

Which side won the Battle of Gettysburg?

The Union

What does the line “Four score and seven years ago” reference in the Gettysburg Address?

The Declaration of Independence

What was the Gettysburg Address for?

To honor the soldiers who died in the Battle of Gettysburg and to inspire the Union to continue fighting for the preservation of the United States.

Who is William T. Sherman?

Union general

What was the Union mission for the Atlanta Campaign that William T. Sherman led?

• to destroy confederate infrastructure (railways, roads, canals)

• Disrupt Confederate supply lines

Where was the Atlanta Campaign?

Went from the north to Georgia.

What is a war called when one side tries to destroy anything to make enemy surrender

“Total War”

In what year is Lincoln re-elected?

1864

1864 Election Map

Most states are red -→ voted for Lincoln (Republican)

Only 3 states blue -→ McClellan

Lincoln vs. McClellan

Election of 1864

April 1865

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

How did the Confederacy surrender on April 7/9th 1865?

General Lee’s troops were surrounded, Grant called upon Lee to surrender. The two commanders met up in the Appomattox Courthouse, and agreed on terms of surrender

Why did Booth want to assassinate Abraham Lincoln?

The Emancipation Proclamation

What factors led to Booth’s plan being successful?

• Was an actor → familiar with how the theater layout was

• Had a very well though out plan

When was the period of reconstruction

(1865-1877)

Who was the author of the 10 percent plan?

Lincoln

Who did Lincoln plan to pardon after the Civil War?

People that didn’t get a pardon were generals/their men and the higher ups in the Confederacy

Conditions of states that can be admitted by the Lincoln Plan

• 10% of that state’s voters pledged allegiance to the Union

• States accepted the Emancipation Proclamation

Who was the author of the Presidential Reconstruction?

Andrew Johnson

Which plan was more lenient; Johnson’s or Lincoln’s?

Johnson’s

What are the conditions for Johnson’s plan?

• Must uphold 13th Amendment

• Swear loyalty to the Union

• They must pay off their war debt

Who supported the Johnson plan?

White Southerners supported this plan

Who supported Abraham Lincoln’s plan?

Some confederate states

Who was the author of the Congressional Reconstruction?

Congress

Was the Congressional Reconstruction plan lenient?

NO, not lenient towards the states, punish them for causing civil war

Which plan helped the 14th and 15th amendment to be ratified

Congressional Reconstruction

Which group supported Congressional Reconstruction?

Radical and Moderate Republicans

What did the Freedmen’s Bureau do?

Assist reconstruction and help African Americans transition into freedom

What did the Freedman’s Bureau Act (1866)

• This act integrated 4 million freed slaves

• Johnson vetoed it but Congress overrode the veto

What is the 13th amendment?

Abolished slavery

What is the 14th amendment?

Grants citizenship to people of color

What is the 15th amendment?

The right to vote to people of color

When was the KKK formed?

1866

Where was the KKK formed?

Tenessee

Who were the two candidates for the election of 1876?

Tilden (Democrat) vs. Hayes (Republican)

Even though Tilden won popular vote, how did Hayes win the election overall?

Electoral votes (20)

What was after the election of 1876?

Compromise of 1877

What was the Compromise of 1877 for?

settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election

Who is Jim Crow?

racist character depiction of African Americans

What is Jim Crow’s “nickname”?

Three-headed monster

Jim Crow Laws (3 different types of laws)

• Political disenfranchisement

• Threat of lynching and mob violence

• Racial segregation of public space

What is segregation that happens by fact not law?

De Facto Segregation

What is segregation that happens by law?

De Jure Segregation

“One drop rule”

The smallest percentage of African American heritage -→ classified as Black