Stroke: Types, Risks, Symptoms, and Nursing Care

What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Loss of blood flow to the brain causing tissue damage.

What are the two primary types of stroke?

Ischemic and hemorrhagic.

What is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

Hypertension.

Which cardiac condition increases stroke risk due to emboli formation?

Atrial fibrillation.

What does the FAST acronym stand for in stroke recognition?

Face droop, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time.

Why is a CT scan the priority diagnostic test for a suspected stroke?

To differentiate between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

What is the primary cause of an ischemic stroke?

A blood clot blocking cerebral blood flow.

What medication is used to dissolve clots in ischemic stroke?

tPA (tissue plasminogen activator).

What is the therapeutic time window for administering tPA?

3-4.5 hours from symptom onset.

What is the major risk associated with tPA therapy?

Bleeding.

What are the hallmark symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke?

Severe headache, vomiting, and decreased level of consciousness.

What is the first priority in nursing care for a stroke patient?

Ensuring airway patency and oxygenation.

Why must swallowing ability be assessed after a stroke?

To prevent aspiration.

What nursing intervention helps reduce intracranial pressure?

Elevating the head of the bed.

What is a TIA and why is it clinically significant?

A transient ischemic attack; it serves as a temporary warning sign for a potential major stroke.

What does the phrase 'Time is brain' emphasize?

The urgency of rapid treatment to minimize permanent brain damage.

Which side of the body is typically affected by a right-sided stroke?

The left side.

Which hemisphere of the brain typically contains speech centers?

The left hemisphere.

What is the 'penumbra' in the context of a stroke?

The area of salvageable brain tissue surrounding the core infarction.

What is a key nursing intervention to prevent joint deformities in stroke patients?

Early mobility and proper positioning.

What is the primary goal of rehabilitation following a stroke?

To restore function and independence.